Table 2. Characteristics of aquatic habitats of An. funestus and other mosquito species at Bungoma and Kombewa western Kenya (November 2019-November, 2020).
| Environmental variable | All aquatic breeding sites n (%) | Potential habitats without mosquito larvae n (%) | Aquatic habitats with An. funestus n (%) | Aquatic habitats with An. gambiae s.l n (%) | Aquatic habitats with An. coustani n (%) | Aquatic habitats with Culex spp n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Habitat type | ||||||
| Man-made pond | 46 (31) | 6 (19) | 28(36) | 13(19) | 6(35) | 12(28) |
| Natural pond/rain pool | 23(15) | 3 (10) | 15(19) | 13(19) | 4(24) | 6(14) |
| Drainage ditch | 36(24) | 12(39) | 12(15) | 19(27) | 1(6) | 8(19) |
| Swamp/marshes | 43(28) | 10(32) | 21(27) | 22(32) | 6 (35) | 16(37) |
| Tyre tracks | 3(2) | 0(0) | 2(3) | 2(3) | 0(0) | 1(2) |
| Vegetation | ||||||
| Present | 133(88) | 28 (90) | 67(86) | 63(91) | 17(100) | 41(95) |
| Absent | 18(12) | 3 (10) | 11(14) | 6(9) | 0(0) | 2(5) |
| Category of vegetation | ||||||
| Emergent | 101(76) | 19(68) | 48(72) | 53(84) | 14(82) | 34(83) |
| Free floating | 29(22) | 9(32) | 16(24) | 8(13) | 3(18) | 5(12) |
| Submerged | 3(2) | 0(0) | 3(4) | 2(3) | 0(0) | 2(5) |
| Water Flow Status | ||||||
| Stagnant/standing water | 145(96) | 31(100) | 74(95) | 64(93) | 17(100) | 40(93) |
| Flowing/Disturbed Water | 6(4) | 0(0) | 4(5) | 5(7) | 0 | 3(7) |
| Predators | ||||||
| Present | 100(66) | 12(39) | 54(69) | 56(81) | 16(94) | 35(81) |
| Absent | 51(34) | 19(61) | 24(31) | 13(19) | 1(6) | 8(19) |
| Distance to Nearest House (m) | ||||||
| <100 | 39(26) | 17(55) | 12(15) | 11(16) | 4(24) | 10(23) |
| 100–200 | 76(50) | 13(42) | 38(49) | 34(49) | 8(47) | 25(58) |
| 201–500 | 36(24) | 1(3) | 28(36) | 24(35) | 5(29) | 8(19) |
| Water Clarity | ||||||
| Clear | 43(28) | 11(35) | 26(33) | 17(25) | 6(35) | 11(25) |
| Opaque | 69(46) | 13(42) | 39(50) | 27(39) | 9(53) | 18(42) |
| Cloudy | 30(20) | 4(13) | 10(13) | 21(30) | 2(12) | 12(28) |
| Muddy/Brownish | 9(6) | 3(10) | 3(4) | 4(6) | 0(0) | 2(5) |
| Land-use type | ||||||
| Cultivated land/cropland | 82(54) | 18(58) | 56(72) | 36(52) | 0(0) | 13(30) |
| Grassland/Pasture | 61(40) | 11(36) | 18(23) | 31(45) | 16(94) | 27(63) |
| Wetland/swamp | 4(3) | 1(3) | 2(2.5) | 2(3) | 0(0) | 0(0) |
| Road | 4(3) | 1(3) | 2(2.5) | 0(0) | 1(6) | 3(7) |