Table 1. Respondent’s sociodemographic characteristics and bivariate associations with PCMC.
| Descriptive statistics | Bivariate associations with PCMC scores | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crosstabs | OLS Bivariate Regressions | ||||||
| Variable | Frequency | % | Mean PCMC score | SD | Coefficient | Confidence Interval | |
| Age | |||||||
| 18–24 | 118 | 38.4 | 57.6 | 12.8 | [omitted] | ||
| 25–29 | 110 | 35.8 | 57.7 | 13.7 | 0.0924 | -3.646 | 3.831 |
| 30 and older | 79 | 25.7 | 57.3 | 12.4 | -0.342 | -2.734 | 2.050 |
| Marital Status | |||||||
| Never Married | 45 | 14.7 | 56.5 | 13.4 | [omitted] | ||
| Ever Married | 262 | 85.3 | 57.8 | 13.0 | 1.035 | -2.670 | 4.741 |
| Number of births | |||||||
| 1 | 83 | 27 | 58.1 | 12.9 | [omitted] | ||
| 2 | 116 | 37.8 | 58.8 | 12.2 | 0.779 | -2.308 | 3.867 |
| 3 | 66 | 21.5 | 56.0 | 14.1 | -2.320 | -9.783 | 5.143 |
| 4 or more | 42 | 13.7 | 55.7 | 13.7 | -2.687 | -8.241 | 2.867 |
| Education Level | |||||||
| No School/Primary | 121 | 39.4 | 56.7 | 12.8 | [omitted] | ||
| Post-primary/Vocational/Secondary | 139 | 45.3 | 58.1 | 12.6 | 1.473 | -1.180 | 4.127 |
| College or university | 47 | 15.3 | 58.4 | 14.7 | 1.815 | -5.283 | 8.913 |
| Education Level of Partner | |||||||
| No School/Primary | 64 | 20.8 | 58.9 | 10.8 | [omitted] | ||
| Post-primary/Vocational/Secondary | 149 | 48.5 | 57.7 | 13.5 | -1.231 | -7.985 | 5.524 |
| College or university | 53 | 17.3 | 55.4 | 13.9 | -3.384 | -9.928 | 3.160 |
| No partner | 41 | 13.4 | 57.8 | 13.1 | -0.980 | -9.253 | 7.293 |
| Literacy | |||||||
| Illiterate or reads with difficulty | 45 | 14.7 | 52.9 | 12.8 | [omitted] | ||
| Yes, very well | 262 | 85.3 | 58.4 | 12.9 | 5.399* | 0.0615 | 10.74 |
| Wealth Quintile (Urban) | |||||||
| Poor or Poorer | 85 | 27.7 | 56.6 | 12.2 | [omitted] | ||
| Middle | 107 | 34.9 | 58.9 | 11.7 | 2.660** | 1.024 | 4.296 |
| Richer or Richest | 115 | 37.5 | 57.0 | 14.6 | 0.446 | -2.436 | 3.328 |
| Occupation | |||||||
| Not Employed | 269 | 87.6 | 58.0 | 12.8 | [omitted] | ||
| Employed | 38 | 12.4 | 54.5 | 14.4 | -3.556 | -8.856 | 1.744 |
| Partner’s Occupation | |||||||
| Agriculture or casual labor | 114 | 37.1 | 58.6 | 11.4 | [omitted] | ||
| Salaried or self-employed | 144 | 46.9 | 56.9 | 14.1 | -2.265 | -5.645 | 1.114 |
| Unemployed or no partner | 49 | 16 | 57.3 | 13.2 | -1.536 | -5.978 | 2.906 |
| Works for Health Facility | |||||||
| No | 279 | 90.9 | 57.9 | 12.7 | [omitted] | ||
| Yes | 28 | 9.1 | 53.9 | 15.6 | -4.294* | -8.533 | -0.0538 |
| Experienced any domestic violence | |||||||
| No | 176 | 57.3 | 57.7 | 13.6 | [omitted] | ||
| Yes | 131 | 42.7 | 57.4 | 12.2 | -0.500 | -2.907 | 1.908 |
| Empowerment | |||||||
| Low empowerment | 138 | 45 | 56.9 | 13.1 | [omitted] | ||
| High empowerment | 169 | 55 | 58.1 | 12.9 | 0.960 | -2.746 | 4.666 |
| Highest skilled person at delivery | |||||||
| Auxiliary Nurse, Auxiliary Midwife or No Skilled person | 12 | 3.9 | 43.9 | 18.7 | [omitted] | ||
| Clinical Officer, Nurse, Midwife | 171 | 55.7 | 57.9 | 11.4 | 13.75* | 2.816 | 24.68 |
| Doctor | 124 | 40.4 | 58.5 | 13.8 | 14.85* | 3.791 | 25.92 |
| Gender of Main person who assisted delivery | |||||||
| Man | 84 | 27.4 | 56.2 | 14.2 | [omitted] | ||
| Woman | 220 | 71.7 | 58.6 | 11.8 | 2.442 | -1.383 | 6.267 |
| Refused or Delivered alone | 3 | 1 | 20.3 | 9.0 | -36.48*** | -45.82 | -27.15 |
| Pregnancy Complications | |||||||
| No | 228 | 74.3 | 58.9 | 11.6 | [omitted] | ||
| Yes | 79 | 25.7 | 53.7 | 15.7 | -6.001 | -13.57 | 1.565 |
| Severe Pregnancy Complications | |||||||
| No | 263 | 85.7 | 58.1 | 12.5 | [omitted] | ||
| Yes | 44 | 14.3 | 54.3 | 15.5 | -4.356 | -9.781 | 1.070 |
| Previously Delivered in a Health Facility | |||||||
| No | 109 | 35.5 | 57.2 | 12.9 | [omitted] | ||
| Yes | 198 | 64.5 | 57.8 | 13.1 | 0.338 | -1.895 | 2.572 |
| Trimester of first Antenatal visit | |||||||
| First | 62 | 20.2 | 62.8 | 10.4 | [omitted] | ||
| Second | 190 | 61.9 | 56.8 | 12.6 | -6.302 | -13.48 | 0.879 |
| Third | 55 | 17.9 | 54.3 | 15.3 | -9.030 | -22.15 | 4.093 |
| Number Antenatal Visits | |||||||
| Less than 4 (or don’t remember) | 110 | 35.8 | 55.7 | 14.5 | [omitted] | ||
| 4 or more | 197 | 64.2 | 58.6 | 12.0 | 3.516 | -1.915 | 8.947 |
| Post-partum length | |||||||
| Less than 5 weeks | 150 | 48.9 | 60.2 | 11.5 | [omitted] | ||
| 5 weeks or more | 157 | 51.1 | 55.1 | 13.9 | -5.446** | -8.061 | -2.831 |
| Religion | |||||||
| Catholic | 72 | 23.5 | 57.1 | 13.4 | [omitted] | ||
| Protestant/Pentecostal | 48 | 15.6 | 58.6 | 13.3 | 1.749 | -3.411 | 6.908 |
| Other Christian | 179 | 58.3 | 57.0 | 12.8 | -0.580 | -3.016 | 1.855 |
| Muslim, other religion or refused | 8 | 2.6 | 67.8 | 7.6 | 10.56 | -3.678 | 24.80 |
| Tribe | |||||||
| Luo | 78 | 25.4 | 55.2 | 13.0 | [omitted] | ||
| Kikuyu | 62 | 20.2 | 56.9 | 14.7 | 1.628 | -2.640 | 5.897 |
| Luhya | 67 | 21.8 | 59.1 | 11.9 | 3.957* | 0.419 | 7.496 |
| Kamba | 54 | 17.6 | 59.3 | 13.7 | 4.669* | 0.783 | 8.554 |
| Other or refused | 46 | 15 | 58.3 | 11.0 | 3.598* | 0.0708 | 7.125 |
| Location of Interview | |||||||
| Health facility | 25 | 8.1 | 61.4 | 14.5 | [omitted] | ||
| In the community/a home | 79 | 25.7 | 52.6 | 14.7 | -10.13*** | -14.08 | -6.172 |
| Phone | 203 | 66.1 | 59.0 | 11.6 | -3.317* | -5.987 | -0.647 |
| Type of Facility | |||||||
| Public | 116 | 37.8 | 51.1 | 14.3 | [omitted] | ||
| Faith-based | 119 | 38.8 | 62.7 | 9.6 | 12.15*** | 12.15 | 12.15 |
| Private | 72 | 23.5 | 59.5 | 11.2 | 8.373* | 0.550 | 16.20 |
SD = Standard Deviation;
*** p<0.001,
** p<0.01,
* p<0.05.