Table 2.

Multivariable model assessing risk factors for stent placement at the time of ureteroscopy adjusting for provider and practice variation.

	Adjusted Odds Ratio	95% Confidence Interval	P- Value
Age (unit change from mean)	1.01	1.00 – 1.01	<0.001
Gender			0.079
Male (vs. female)	1.12	0.99 – 1.27
BMI			0.6
≤25 (vs. >35)	1.01	0.84 – 1.22
>25 - ≤30 (vs. >35)	0.91	0.77 – 1.07
>30 - ≤35 (vs. >35)	0.97	0.81 – 1.17
Insurance			0.4
Private (vs. public)	0.97	0.85 – 1.12
None (vs. public)	0.76	0.49 – 1.17
Charlson Comorbidity Index			0.4
1 (vs. 0)	1.13	0.94 – 1.35
≥2 (vs. 0)	1.00	0.83 – 1.21
Urine culture			0.5
Positive (vs. negative)	1.11	0.91 – 1.35
Not performed (vs. negative)	0.97	0.81 – 1.16
Pre-stented (vs. no)	0.25	0.22 – 0.29	<0.001
Stone size, diameter			<0.001
>5mm - ≤10mm (vs. ≤5mm)	1.89	1.65 – 2.15
>10mm (vs. ≤5mm)	4.68	3.70 – 5.92
Stone location			<0.001
Kidney (vs. ureter)	0.69	0.59 – 0.82
Both (vs. ureter)	0.99	0.83 – 1.19
Ureteral access sheath (vs. no)	5.43	4.57 – 6.46	<0.001
Intraoperative complication (vs. no)	2.18	0.92 – 5.20	0.078