TABLE 1.
Patient characteristics for POD analysis (n = 837)
| Characteristic |
POD (n = 165) (19.7%) |
No POD (n = 672) (80.3%) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 837 | |||
| Age [years] | 74 [70; 77] | 71 [68; 75] | <0.001 a |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 79 (47.9%) | 283 (42.1%) | 0.180 b |
| ASA PS | |||
| 1–2 | 77 (46.7%) | 463 (68.9%) | <0.001 b |
| 3–4 | 88 (53.3%) | 209 (31.1%) | |
| CCI | 1.86 ± 1.5 | 1.31 ± 1.5 | <0.001 a |
| Pre‐existing NCD | |||
| No NCD | 102 (69.4%) | 462 (76.7%) | 0.176 b |
| Mild NCD | 25 (17.0%) | 80 (13.3%) | |
| Major NCD | 20 (13.6%) | 60 (10.0%) | |
| Frailty status | |||
| Robust | 37 (22.7%) | 256 (38.6%) | <0.001 b |
| Pre‐frail | 87 (53.4%) | 337 (50.8%) | |
| Frail | 39 (23.9%) | 71 (10.7%) | |
| Duration of anesthesia [min] | 306 [211–473] | 168 [105–255] | <0.001 a |
| Site of surgery | |||
| Intracranial | 2 (1.2%) | 8 (1.2%) | <0.001 b |
| Intrathoracic/‐abdominal /‐pelvic | 105 (63.6%) | 248 (36.9%) | |
| Peripheral | 58 (35.2%) | 416 (61.9%) | |
| Polypharmacy | 88 (53.3%) | 285 (42.4%) | 0.011 b |
| Medication (PRISCUS list) | 22 (11.6%) | 78 (13.3%) | 0.540 b |
| Medication (EU(7)‐PIM list) | 98 (59.4%) | 319 (47.5%) | 0.006 b |
| Number of agents | 5.41 ± 3.7 | 4.44 ± 3.8 | 0.002 a |
| Number of agents according to PRISCUS list | 0.16 ± 0.4 | 0.13 ± 0.4 | 0.503 a |
| Number of agents according to EU(7)‐PIM list | 0.96 ± 1.0 | 0.78 ± 1.0 | 0.008 a |
Data are expressed as median [25th quartile; 75th quartile], or as mean ± SD except for categorical data, which are expressed as frequencies (percentages). Any p ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Abbreviations: ASA PS, physical status according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; EU(7)‐PIM, European list of potentially inappropriate medications; NCD, neurocognitive disorder; POD, postoperative delirium.
a
The p values refer to the Mann–Whitney U test between patients with or without POD.
b
The p values refer to the χ2 test between patients with or without POD.