TABLE 2.
Patient characteristics for POCD analysis (n = 562)
| Characteristic |
POCD (n = 60) (10.7%) |
No POCD (n = 502) (89.3%) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 562 | |||
| Age [years] | 74 [70; 79] | 72 [68; 75] | 0.001 a |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 28 (46.7%) | 197 (39.2%) | 0.267 b |
| ASA PS | |||
| 1–2 | 32 (53.3%) | 361 (71.9%) | 0.003 b |
| 3–4 | 28 (46.7%) | 141 (28.1%) | |
| CCI | 1.52 ± 1.6 | 1.19 ± 1.4 | 0.075 a |
| Frailty status | |||
| Robust | 20 (33.3%) | 204 (41.0%) | 0.008 b |
| Pre‐frail | 27 (45.0%) | 249 (50.1%) | |
| Frail | 13 (21.7%) | 44 (8.9%) | |
| Duration of anesthesia [min] | 179 [100; 294] | 188 [117; 277] | 0.476 a |
| Site of surgery | |||
| Intracranial | 2 (3.3%) | 3 (0.6%) | 0.101 b |
| Intrathoracic/‐abdominal /‐pelvic | 23 (38.3%) | 204 (40.6%) | |
| Peripheral | 35 (58.3%) | 295 (58.8%) | |
| Polypharmacy | 32 (53.3%) | 206 (41.0%) | 0.068 b |
| Medication (PRISCUS list) | 9 (15.0%) | 66 (13.1%) | 0.690 b |
| Medication (EU(7)‐PIM list) | 30 (50.0%) | 235 (46.8%) | 0.640 b |
| Number of agents | 5.50 ± 4.0 | 4.32 ± 3.3 | 0.032 a |
| Number of agents according to the PRISCUS list | 0.15 ± 0.4 | 0.14 ± 0.4 | 0.719 a |
| Number of agents according to the EU(7)‐PIM list | 0.95 ± 1.2 | 0.75 ± 1.0 | 0.285 a |
Data are expressed as median [25th quartile; 75th quartile], or as mean ± SD except for categorical data, which are expressed as frequencies (percentages). Any p ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Abbreviations: ASA PS, physical status according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; EU(7)‐PIM, European list of potentially inappropriate medications; POCD, postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
a
The p values refer to the Mann–Whitney U test between patients with or without POCD.
b
The p values refer to the χ2 test between patients with or without POCD.