Table 1.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Osteoinductive Grafting Material for Bone Regeneration.
| Osteoinductive Material | Example | Advantages | Disadvantages | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polymers | Synthetic | Poly-HEMA | Osteoinductive | Weak mechanical strength | Kumbar et al. 2006 |
| Bioactive | Degradation products | ||||
| Biodegradable | Reduce pH | ||||
| Biocompatible | |||||
| Ceramics | Calcium phosphate | HA | Biocompatible | Brittle | Bezerra et al. 2017 |
| β-TCP | Biodegradable | Unpredictable degradation rate | Davison et al. 2014 | ||
| BCP | Bioactive | Weak fracture strength | Raucci et al. 2017 | ||
| Osteoinductive | Filgueiras et al. 1993 | ||||
| Osteoconductive | |||||
| Bioglass | Silicate | ||||
| Borate/borosilicate | |||||
| Metal | Titanium and its alloy | Advanced mechanical properties | Corrosion | Fujibayashi et al. 2004 | |
| Biocompatible | Toxicity | ||||
| Osteoinductive | Osteointegration | ||||
| GFMs | Calcium phosphate graphene | Osteoinductive | No data on long-term safety | Lee et al. 2007 | |
| Graphene oxide | Osteoconductive | Unknown biological effect | |||
| Reduced graphene oxide | Biocompatible | ||||
| Biodegradable | |||||
| High specific surface area | |||||
| Thermally conductive | |||||
| Flexible | |||||
| High intrinsic strength | |||||
| Hydrophilic | |||||
BCP, biphasic calcium phosphate; β-TCP, beta tricalcium phosphate, HA, hydroxyapatite; HEMA, hydroxyethyl methacrylate.