Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants (completers)
| Parameter | CG | GEP | WEP | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 37 | 40 | 43 | |
| Age (years) | 50.9 ± 7.1 | 42.9 ± 12.2* | 43.7 ± 8.1* | <0.001 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Divorced | 2 (6.3) | 2 (5.4) | 3 (9.1) | 0.001 |
| Married | 22 (68.8) | 19 (51.3) | 29 (87.9)** | |
| Single | 2 (6.3) | 12 (32.4)* | 1 (3.0)** | |
| Widow | 6 (18.8) | 1 (2.7) | 0A | |
| Married to relative? | ||||
| No | 27 (67.5) | 32 (86.4) | 36 (83.7) | 0.14 |
| Yes | 13 (32.5) | 5 (13.6) | 7 (16.3) | |
| Consanguinity | ||||
| 1st degree | 1 (11.1) | 5 (83.3)* | 2 (28.6) | 0.013 |
| 2nd degree | 8 (88.9) | 1 (16.7)* | 5 (71.4) | |
| Family history | ||||
| Diabetes | 29 (72.5) | 18 (45)* | 22 (55) | 0.04 |
| Hypertension | 10 (25) | 14 (35) | 7 (17.5) | 0.20 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 6 (15) | 7 (17.5) | 6 (15) | 1.00 |
| Asthma | 5 (12.5) | 8 (20) | 3 (7.5) | 0.29 |
| Obesity | 4 (10) | 10 (25) | 6 (15) | 0.23 |
| Coronary heart | 3 (7.5) | 5 (12.5) | 1 (2.5) | 0.29 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Diabetes | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.5) | 1.00 |
| Asthma | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.5) | – |
| Coronary heart | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.5) | – |
| Disease | 1.00 | |||
| Cancer | 0 | 1 (2.5) | 0 | |
| Liver disease | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.00 |
| Kidney disease | 0 | 0 | 1 (2.5) | – |
| Others | 1.00 | |||
| Anemia | 1 (2.5) | 0 | 0 | |
| Osteoporosis | 4 (10) | 0 | 0 | 1.00 |
| Rheumatoid | 1 (2.5) | 0 | 0 | 0.033 |
| Arthritis | 1 (2.5) | 0 | 0 | 1.00 |
| Thyroid disease | 1.00 | |||
| Smoking history | ||||
| Ex‐smoker | 2 (6.5) | 6 (16.2) | 0 | |
| Never smoked | 29 (93.5) | 25 (67.6) | 18 (100)** | 0.007 |
| Shisha | 0 | 1 (2.7) | 0 | |
| Cigarette | 0 | 5 (13.5) | 0 | |
Frequencies presented as n (%). *Significant difference compared with control; **significant difference compared with group education; significant at P < 0.05.
CG, control group; GEP, group educational program; WEP, WhatsApp educational program.