Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to the presence of diabetes and insulin use
| No diabetes (n = 348,152) | Type 2 diabetes, insulin non‐user (diabetes duration <5years) (n = 14,397) | Type 2 diabetes, insulin user (diabetes duration <5years) (n = 1,370) | P‐value | P for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53.6 ± 11.1 | 59.5 ± 11.3 | 60.3 ± 11.9 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Age ≥ 65 years | 60,227 (17.30) | 4839 (33.61) | 529 (38.61) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Men | 164,349 (47.21) | 8011 (55.64) | 724 (52.85) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Low‐income level (lowest 20%) | 64,059 (18.40) | 3323 (23.08) | 447 (32.63) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 2.1 ± 1.5 | 3.1 ± 1.6 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension | 39,971 (11.48) | 5,840 (40.56) | 706 (51.53) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 16,844 (4.84) | 3,773 (26.21) | 459 (33.50) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1,292 (0.37) | 135 (0.94) | 30 (2.19) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Previous hospitalization for heart failure | 277 (0.08) | 46 (0.32) | 34 (2.48) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Dementia | 94 (0.03) | 9 (0.06) | 2 (0.15) | 0.0018 | 0.0006 |
| End‐stage renal disease | 243 (0.07) | 14 (0.10) | 32 (2.34) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean ± standard deviation.