Table 2.

Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, and all‐cause death during follow‐up, according to the presence of diabetes and insulin use among individuals either without diabetes or with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes (diabetes for <5 years)

Group	Events (n)	Follow‐up duration (person‐years)	Incidence rate (per 1000 person‐years)	Unadjusted	Age and sex‐adjusted	Multivariable adjusted*
Myocardial infarction
No diabetes (n = 348,152)	4,749	2,714,833.85	1.74928	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
Type 2 diabetes, insulin non‐user † (n = 14,397)	445	109,030.08	4.08144	2.334 (2.117, 2.572)	1.589 (1.441, 1.751)	1.284 (1.159, 1.423)
Type 2 diabetes, insulin user † (n = 1,370)	81	9,247.07	8.75953	5.017 (4.029, 6.248)	3.360 (2.698, 4.186)	2.344 (1.870, 2.938)
P for trend				<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Stroke
No diabetes (n = 348,152)	6,437	2,710,183.97	2.37510	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
Type 2 diabetes, insulin non‐user † (n = 14,397)	673	108,423.56	6.20710	2.615 (2.416, 2.832)	1.685 (1.556, 1.825)	1.435 (1.320, 1.561)
Type 2 diabetes, insulin user † (n = 1,370)	110	9,180.05	11.98250	5.068 (4.198, 6.118)	3.185 (2.638, 3.846)	2.420 (1.993, 2.937)
P for trend				<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
All‐cause death
No diabetes (n = 348,152)	14,290	2,730,259.00	5.23390	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)	1 (Ref.)
Type 2 diabetes, insulin non‐user † (n = 14,397)	1,226	110,508.11	11.09420	2.121 (2.000, 2.248)	1.257 (1.185, 1.332)	1.135 (1.067, 1.206)
Type 2 diabetes, insulin user † (n = 1,370)	318	9,498.35	33.47950	6.409 (5.735, 7.162)	3.620 (3.239, 4.046)	3.037 (2.706, 3.407)
P for trend				<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001

^*Adjusted for age, sex, monthly income, and Charlson Comorbidity Index.

^† Only those with diabetes duration of <5 years were included among people with type 2 diabetes.

Bold indicates statistically significant values among the hazard ratios.