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. 2021 Oct 7;14:5187–5200. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S280953

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© 2021 Chung et al.

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Mild interferonopathy in Down syndrome. Left: Diagram of the type I and type II IFN-activated JAK-STAT pathway. IFNAR1, IFNAR2, IFNGR2 are located on HSA21. ISGF3 is a DNA-binding complex formed by STAT1/STAT2/IRF9; GAF is a STAT1/STAT1 homodimer. Right: summary of observations for the testing of serum, monocytes, EBV-transformed B cells, and T cells from euploid healthy controls and individuals with DS.

Abbreviation: ISGs, interferon-stimulated genes.