Table 1.
The Prevalence of Celiac Disease, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Individuals with Trisomy 21 and in the General Population with and without IFN Treatment
| Clinical Phenotypes | Lower Limit* | Mean | Upper Limit* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Celiac disease | |||
| Down syndrome28,30,34,35,43,61,141–143 | 4.06% | 5.61% | 7.16% |
| IFN treatment38,41 | 1.79% | 2.99% | 4.17% |
| General population144 | 1.10% | 1.40% | 1.70% |
| Hypothyroidism | |||
| Down syndrome28,29,34,43,52–59 | 9.42% | 18.29% | 27.2% |
| IFN treatment63–71 | 4.05% | 8.29% | 12.5% |
| General population145 | 3.01% | 3.05% | 3.09% |
| Hyperthyroidism | |||
| Down syndrome28,43,54,58,59,62 | 0.63% | 1.38% | 2.14% |
| IFN treatment63–71 | 0.52% | 1.53% | 2.54% |
| General population145 | 0.73% | 0.75% | 0.77% |
| Type 1 diabetes mellitus | |||
| Down syndrome34,43 | 0.66% | 0.75% | 0.83% |
| IFN treatment49,50 | 0.46% | 1.32% | 2.17% |
| General population146 | 0.46% | 0.55% | 0.66% |
Notes: The prevalence of each clinical condition in DS was calculated from the data provided in the references cited. The details of the various publications are provided in Supplementary Tables 1–4. We extracted the prevalence from each study as a continuous variable, to calculate the mean and 95% confidence interval. *95% confidence interval.