Table 2. Microbial findings in Guinea-Bissauan children with and without diarrhoea.
| Total n (%) |
No diarrhoea n (%) |
Diarrhoea n (%) |
Diarrhoea versus No diarrhoea OR (95% CI) p-value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 429 (100) | 201 (46.9) | 228 (53.1) | ||
| No pathogen | 7 (1.6) | 5 (2.5) | 2 (0.9) | ref | 0.063 |
| Any pathogen | 422 (98.4) | 194 (96.5) | 226 (99.1) | 2.9 (0.6–15.2) | 0.176 |
| One pathogen | 17 (4.0) | 12 (6.0) | 5 (2.2) | 1.0 (0.1–7.3) | 0.967 |
| Multiple pathogens | 405 (94.4) | 184 (91.5) | 221 (96.9) | 3.0 (0.6–15.8) | 0.188 |
| Any bacteria a | 409 (96.5) | 188 (93.5) | 221 (96.9) | 1.5 (0.5–4.6) | 0.404 |
| Campylobacter | 225 (53.1) | 107 (53.2) | 118 (51.8) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.553 |
| EAEC | 272 (64.2) | 134 (66.7) | 138 (60.5) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 0.113 |
| EHEC | 6 (1.4) | 5 (2.4) | 1 (0.4) | 0.2 (0.0–1.5) | 0.076 |
| EIEC/Shigella | 98 (23.1) | 36 (17.9) | 62 (27.2) | 1.7 (1.0–2.6) | 0.032 |
| EPEC | 266 (62.7) | 126 (62.7) | 140 (61.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.607 |
| ETEC | 213 (50.2) | 89 (44.3) | 124 (54.4) | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) | 0.066 |
| Salmonella | 11 (2.6) | 6 (3.0) | 5 (2.2) | 0.7 (0.2–2.4) | 0.574 |
| V. cholerae | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.9) | NA | 0.502 |
| Yersinia | 3 (0.7) | 1 (0.5) | 2 (0.9) | 1.7 (0.2–19.2) | 0.557 |
| Any virus b | 233 (58.7) | 89 (44.3) | 143 (62.7) | 2.2 (1.5–3.3) | 0.001 |
| Adenovirus 40, 41 | 73 (18.4) | 32 (15.9) | 40 (17.5) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 0.723 |
| Astrovirus | 40 (10.1) | 10 (5.0) | 30 (13.2) | 2.9 (1.4–6.0) | 0.004 |
| Norovirus GI/GII | 92 (23.2) | 30 (14.9) | 62 (27.2) | 2.1 (1.3–3.4) | 0.003 |
| Norovirus GI | 21 (5.3) | 10 (5.0) | 11 (4.8) | 1.0 (0.4–2.3) | 0.903 |
| Norovirus GII | 73 (18.4) | 20 (10.0) | 53 (23.2) | 2.7 (1.6–4.8) | 0.001 |
| Rotavirus A | 93 (23.4) | 40 (19.9) | 53 (23.2) | 1.2 (0.7–1.9) | 0.463 |
| Sapovirus | 29 (7.3) | 10 (10.0) | 19 (8.3) | 1.7 (0.8–3.8) | 0.184 |
| Any parasite c | 217 (50.9) | 97 (48.3) | 120 (52.6) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 0.341 |
| Cryptosporidium sp. | 59 (13.8) | 17 (8.5) | 42 (18.4) | 2.4 (1.3–4.4) | 0.003 |
| D. fragilis | 43 (10.7) | 20 (10.0) | 23 (10.1) | 1.0 (0.5–1.9) | 0.999 |
| E. histolytica | 3 (0.7) | 3 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | NA | 0.099 |
| G. duodenalis | 159 (37.3) | 74 (36.8) | 85 (37.3) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 0.849 |
Data is missing, n (%)
a) 5 (1.2)
b) 32 (7.5)
c) 3 (0.7)
OR = odds ratio (logistic regression); CI = confidence interval; bolding indicates statistically significant at p<0.05 (Pearson χ2 test or Fisher´s exact test); ref = reference group; NA = not applicable