Table 3. Diarrhoeal pathogens in 429 children with and without diarrhoea divided into two age groups: infants (0–11 months) and young children (12–59 months).
| 0–11 months | 12–59 months | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total n (%) |
No diarrhoea n (%) |
Diarrhoea n (%) |
Diarrhoea versus No diarrhoea OR (95% CI) p-value |
No diarrhoea n (%) |
Diarrhoea n (%) |
Diarrhoea versus No diarrhoea OR (95% CI) p-value |
|||
| Total | 429 (100) | 94 (48.4) | 99 (51.6) | 107 (45.1) | 129 (54.9) | ||||
| Any pathogen | 422 (98.8) | 91 (97.8) | 98 (99.0) | 2.2 (0.2–24.2) | 0.612 | 103 (97.2) | 128 (99.2) | 3.7 (0.4–36.4) | 0.330 |
| Any bacteria a | 409 (95.8) | 89 (95.7) | 95 (96.0) | 0.5 (0.1–3.0) | 0.684 | 98 (92.5) | 126 (97.7) | 3.9 (0.8–19.5) | 0.144 |
| Campylobacter | 225 (53.1) | 49 (52.7) | 47 (47.5) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | 0.380 | 58 (54.7) | 71 (55.0) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 0.963 |
| EAEC | 272 (64.2) | 73 (78.5) | 66 (66.7) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | 0.035 | 60 (56.6) | 72 (55.8) | 0.9 (0.6–1.6) | 0.825 |
| EHEC | 6 (1.4) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | NA | 0.479 | 4 (3.8) | 1 (0.8) | 2.0 (0.2–1.8) | 0.176 |
| EIEC/Shigella | 98 (23.1) | 14 (15.1) | 14 (14.1) | 0.9 (0.4–2.0) | 0.809 | 22 (20.8) | 48 (37.2) | 2.2 (1.2–4.0) | 0.007 |
| EPEC | 266 (62.7) | 58 (62.4) | 65 (65.7) | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 0.782 | 67 (63.2) | 75 (58.1) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.365 |
| ETEC | 213 (50.2) | 48 (51.6) | 56 (56.6) | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 0.597 | 41 (38.7) | 68 (52.7) | 1.7 (1.0–2.9) | 0.038 |
| Salmonella | 11 (2.6) | 5 (5.4) | 3 (3.0) | 0.5 (0.1–2.3) | 0.483 | 1 (0.9) | 2 (1.6) | 1.6 (1.4–18.3) | 1.000 |
| V. cholerae | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.0) | NA | 1.000 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | NA | 1.000 |
| Yersinia | 3 (0.7) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.0) | 0.9 (0.1–14.9) | 1.000 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.8) | NA | 1.000 |
| Any viruses b | 233 (54.6) | 51 (54.8) | 65 (65.7) | 1.7 (0.9–3.2) | 0.092 | 38 (35.8) | 78 (60.5) | 2.8 (1.6–4.9) | <0.001 |
| Adenovirus 40, 41 | 73 (18.4) | 20 (21.5) | 17 (17.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.6) | 0.456 | 12 (11.3) | 23 (17.8) | 1.7 (0.8–3.5) | 0.186 |
| Astrovirus | 40 (10.1 | 4 (4.3) | 16 (16.2) | 4.4 (1.4–13.6) | 0.007 | 6 (5.7) | 14 (10.9) | 2.0 (0.7–5.4) | 0.172 |
| Norovirus GI | 21 (5.3) | 8 (8.6) | 5 (5.1) | 0.5 (0.2–1.8) | 0.333 | 2 (1.9) | 6 (4.7) | 2.5 (0.5–12.5) | 0.305 |
| Norovirus GII | 73 (18.4) | 12 (12.9) | 28 (28.3) | 2.7 (1.3–5.8) | 0.008 | 8 (7.5) | 25 (19.4) | 2.9 (1.2–6.8) | 0.011 |
| Rotavirus A | 93 (23.4) | 22 (23.7) | 24 (24.2) | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | 0.903 | 18 (17.0) | 29 (22.5) | 1.4 (0.7–2.7) | 0.338 |
| Sapovirus | 29 (7.3) | 6 (6.5) | 8 (8.1) | 1.3 (0.4–3.9) | 0.654 | 4 (3.8) | 11 (8.5) | 2.3 (0.7–7.5) | 0.151 |
| Any parasites c | 217 (50.8) | 35 (37.6) | 40 (40.4) | 1.4 (0.6–2.0) | 0.653 | 60 (56.6) | 80 (62.0) | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) | 0.503 |
| Cryptosporidium sp. | 59 (13.8) | 10 (10.8) | 21 (21.2) | 2.3 (1.0–5.1) | 0.045 | 7 (6.6) | 21 (16.3) | 2.7 (1.0–6.6) | 0.026 |
| D. fragilis | 159 (37.3) | 4 (4.3) | 5 (5.1) | 1.2 (0.3–4.7) | 1.000 | 16 (15.1) | 18 (14.0) | 0.9 (0.4–1.8) | 0.724 |
| E. histolytica | 43 (10.7) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | NA | 0.487 | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | NA | 0.198 |
| G. duodenalis | 3 (0.7) | 24 (25.8) | 21 (21.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.476 | 48 (45.3) | 64 (49.6) | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 0.599 |
Data is missing, n (%)
a) 5 (1.2)
b) 32 (7.5)
c) 3 (0.7)
OR = odds ratio (logistic regression); CI = confidence interval; bolding indicates statistically significant at p<0.05 (Pearson χ2 test or Fisher´s exact test); NA = not applicable