1. Comparisons.
| Study ID | Intervention | Comparison |
| A | Anti‐pseudomonal penicillins | |
| Anti‐pseudomonal penicillins | Anti‐pseudomonal penicillins | |
| Tan 1993 | Piperacillin‐tazobactam 3 g/375 mg iv every 6 h (min 5 days) | Ticarcillin‐clavulanate 3 g/100 mg iv every 6 h (min 5 days) |
| Anti‐pseudomonal penicillins | Broad‐spectrum penicillins | |
| Harkless 2005 | Piperacillin‐tazobactam 4 g/0.5 g iv every 8 h (4‐14 days, max 21 days) | Ampicillin‐sulbactam 2 g/1 g iv every 6 h (4‐14 days, max 21 days) |
| Anti‐pseudomonal penicillins | Carbapenems | |
| Saltoglu 2010 | Piperacillin‐tazobactam 4.5 g iv every 8 h (14 days) | Imipenem‐cilastatin 500 mg iv every 6 h (14 days) |
| B | Broad‐spectrum penicillins | |
| Broad‐spectrum penicillins | Cephalosporins | |
| Erstad 1997 | Ampicillin‐sulbactam 3 g iv every 6 h (min 5 days) | Cefoxitin 2 g iv every 6 h (min 5 days) |
| C | Cephalosporins | |
| Fifth‐generation cephalosporins | Third‐generation cephalosporins + glycopeptide | |
| Noel 2008a | Ceftobiprole 500 mg iv every 8 h (7‐14 days) | Vancomycin 1000 mg iv every 12 h plus ceftazidime 1000 mg iv every 8 h (7‐14 days) |
| 2. | Third‐generation cephalosporin + nitroimidazole | Anti‐pseudomonal penicillin |
| Clay 2004 | Ceftriaxon ‐metronidazole 1 g/1 g iv every 24 h (duration not described) | Ticarcillin‐clavulanate 3.1 g iv every 6 h (duration not described) |
| D | Carbapenems | |
| Carbapenems | Anti‐pseudomonal penicillins | |
| Ertapenem | Piperacillin‐tazobactam | |
| SIDESTEP Study | Ertapenem 1 g iv every 24 h (min 5 days). Switch to amoxicillin‐clavulanate 875 mg/125 mg po every 12 h | Piperacillin‐tazobactam 3 g/375 mg iv every 6 h (min of 5 days). Switch to amoxicillin‐clavulanate 875 mg/125 mg po every 12 h |
| Graham 2002a | Ertapenem 1 g iv every 24 h (7‐14 days) | Piperacillin‐tazobactam 3 g/375 mg iv every 6 h (7‐14 days) |
| Imipenem + cilastatin | Piperacillin + clindamycin | |
| Bouter 1996 | Imipenem‐cilastatin 500 mg iv every 6 h (10 days) | Piperacillin 3 g iv every 6 h plus clindamycin 600 mg iv every 8 h (10 days) |
| Carbapenems | Broad‐spectrum penicillins | |
| Grayson 1994 | Imipenem‐cilastatin 500 mg iv every 6 h (5 days) | Ampicillin‐sulbactam 2 g/1 g iv every 6 h (5 days) |
| E | Fluoroquinolones | |
| Fourth‐generation fluoroquinolones | Anti‐pseudomonal penicillins | |
| Giordano 2005‐Lipsky 2007 | Moxifloxacin 400 mg every 24 h (iv for 3 days, then po for 7‐14 days) | Piperacillin‐tazobactam 3 g/375 mg iv every 6 h (3 days). Then amoxicillin‐clavulanate 800 mg po every 12 h (7‐14 days) |
| RELIEF Study | Moxifloxacin 400 mg every 24 h (iv for 3 days, then 400 mg every 12 h po for 7‐21 days) | Piperacillin‐tazobactam 4 g/0.5 g iv every 8 h. Then amoxicillin‐clavulanate 875 mg/125 mg po every 12 h (7‐21 days) |
| Siami 2001 | Cinafloxacin 200 mg iv every12 h (max 14 days), then 200 mg po every 12 h | Piperacillin‐tazobactam 3 g/375 mg po every 6 h. Then amoxicillin‐clavulanate 500 mg po every 8 h |
| Fourth‐generation fluoroquinolones | Broad‐spectrum penicillins | |
| STIC Study | Moxifloxacin 400 mg iv every 24 h for 3 days, then po for 7‐21 days | Amoxicillin 1000 g‐clavulanate 200 mg iv every 8 h for 3 days, then 500 mg/125 mg po every 8 h for 7‐21 days |
| Third‐generation fluoroquinolones | Antipseudomonal penicillins | |
| Graham 2002b | Levofloxacin 750 mg iv or po every 24 h (7‐14 days) | Ticarcillin‐clavulanate 3.1g every iv 4 h‐6 h, then changed to amoxicillin‐clavulanate 875 mg po every 12 h (7‐14 days) |
| Second‐generation fluoroquinolones | Broad‐spectrum penicillins | |
| Lipsky 1997 | Ofloxacin 400 mg iv every 12 h (then switch to po; 14‐28 days) | Ampicillin‐sulbactam 1‐2 g/0.5‐1 g iv every 6 h. Switch to amoxicillin‐clavulanate 500 mg/125 mg po every 8 h (14‐28 days) |
| F | Other antibiotics | |
| Arbeit 2004 | Daptomycin 4 mg/kg iv every 24 h (7‐14 days) | Vancomycin 1 g iv every 12 h (7‐14 days) |
| Lipsky 2004 | Linezolid 600 mg iv or po every 12 h (≥ 7 days ≤ 28) | Ampicillin/sulbactam 1.5 g‐3 g iv every 6 h OR amoxicillin/clavulanate 500 mg/875mg po every 12 h (≥ 7 days ≤ 28) |
| Lipsky 1990 | Clindamycin 300 mg iv every 6 h (14 days) | Cephalexin 500 mg every 6 h po (14 days) |
| Lauf 2014 | Tigecycline 150 mg iv every 24 h (28 days) | Ertapenem 1 g iv every 24 h (28 days) |
Abbreviations
h: hour(s) iv: intravenous max: maximum min: minimum po: per oral (by mouth)