Table III.

Efficacy results of selected randomised studies evaluating high-dose melphalan with stem cell support.

Study (year)	Induction regimen	N	Median EFS, months	Median PFS, months	Median OS, months
IFM90 Attal et al., 1996, [37]	VMCP/BVAP	100	18	–*	37
MAG90 Fermand et al., 1998 [36]	VAMP or VMCP	94	13	–*	64
MRC7 Child et al., 2003 [38]	VAMPC or ABCM	200	–*	20	42
HOVON Segeren et al., 2003 [39]	VAD/Mel70	129	21	–*	50
M97G Palumbo et al., 2004 [40]	VAD, MP	99	16	–*	43
MAG91 Fermand et al., 2005 [41]	VAMP or VMCP	96	19	–*	48
PETHEMA Bladé et al., 2005 [42]	VBMCP/VBAD	83	–*	33	58
S9321 Barlogie et al., 2006 [43]	VAD or VAD/VBMCP	255	–*	20	57
GIMEMA Palumbo et al., 2014 [34]	Rd	104	–*	22	5-year OS: 59%
GIMEMA Gay et al., 2015 [44]	Rd/CyRd	129	–*	29	4-year OS: 73%

PFS, progression-free survival; EFS, event-free survival; OS, overall survival; VMCP, vincristine, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, prednisone; BVAP, carmustine, vincristine, doxorubicin, prednisone; VAMP, vincristine, doxorubicin, methylprednisolone; VAMPC, vincristine, doxorubicin, methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide; ABCM, doxorubicin, BCNU, cyclophosphamide and melphalan; VAD, vincristine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone; Mel70, melphalan 70 mg/m²; MP, melphalan, prednisone; VBMCP, vincristine, carmustine, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, prednisone; VBAD, vincristine, carmustine, doxorubicin, dexamethasone; Rd, lenalidomide, dexamethasone; CyRd, cyclophosphamide, lenalidomide, dexamethasone.

^*Not reported.