TABLE 1.

Clinical Characteristics, MRI Findings, Laboratory Findings and Outcome in 2 Patients With COVID-19 Infection–Related Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

	Case 1	Case 2
Age/gender	9/male	9/female
Concomitant illness	No	No
Symptoms	Fever, headache, vomiting	Fever, vomiting, diarrhea
Presentations	Status epilepticus	Hallucinations, afebrile seizure
Vital signs (PICU adminission)
SpO2 (%)	97	100
Pulse rate (per minute)	128	113
Blood pressure (mm Hg)	113/76	130/93
Respiratory rate (per minute)	38	29
Body temperature (°C)	36.4	39
Laboratory findings (PICU adminission)
White blood cell (per μL)	3290	9420
Lymphocyte (per μL)	820	990
Neutrophil (per μL)	2200	7560
Platelet (per μL)	175,000	317,000
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	10.6	10.8
CRP (mg/L)	2	10
Procalcitonin (ng/mL)	0.18	0.16
Urea (mg/dL)	31	16
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.32	0.4
AST (U/L)	40	35
ALT (U/L)	14	17
CK (U/L)	271	808
CSF analysis
Glucose (mg/dL)	75	88
Protein (mg/dL)	117	108
Cell count (per mm3)	No	No
Oligoclonal band	Negative	Negative
Autoimmune encephalitis panel	Negative	Negative
Anti-MOG antibody	Negative	Negative
Antiaquaporin-4 antibody	Negative	Negative
Chest radiograph	Prominent bronchovascular markings	Prominent bronchovascular markings
EEG	Diffuse slowing	Diffuse slowing
Treatment	MP (30 mg/kg/day) 7 days	MP (30 mg/kg/day) 5 days
	IVIG (1 g/kg/day) 2 days	TPE
	TPE 14
SARS-CoV-2 antibody	Positive (serum and CSF)	Positive (serum)

ALT indicates alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; CK, creatine kinase; CRP, C-reactive protein; EEG, electroencephalography; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; MOG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; MP, methylprednisolone.

Autoimmune encephalitis panel, including anti–NMDA-R-Ab, AMPA-R1 Ab, AMPA-R2 Ab, CASPR2 Ab. (VGKC), lg11 Ab. (VGKC) and GABA-R-Ab.