Fig. 2.

Effects of the transduced Tat-CIAPIN1 protein on cytokine-induced RINm5F β-cell damage. We pretreated the Tat-CIAPIN1 protein (0.5-3 μM or 3 μM) with RINm5F β-cells for 1 h, and then treated it with cytokines (5 ng/ml IL-1β, 10 ng/ml TNF-α, and 10 ng/ml IFN-γ). Then we assessed cell viability (A and B), ROS production (C), and DNA fragmentation (D) as described in Materials and Methods. *P < 0.01 and **P < 0.001 compared with cytokine-treated cells. We repeated all experiments at least three times, and present data as mean ± SEM.