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. 2021 Apr 9;26(7):3614–3624. doi: 10.1038/s41380-021-01070-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — A, B Developmental trajectory of excitatory (A) and inhibitory (B) synaptic function; left: representative mEPSC (A) and mIPSC (B) recordings from PFC neurons in ex vivo slices from P5, P14, and P55–60 WT (blue) and Chd8^+/– (red) animals: frequency (middle) and amplitude (right) changes during development. Chd8^+/– neurons showed no significant difference in mEPSC frequency at P5, P14, and P55–60 nor in amplitude at P5 and P55–60 but did show decreased mEPSC amplitude at P14. Chd8^+/– neurons showed no significant difference in mIPSC frequency at P5, P14, and P55–60, but displayed decreased mIPSC amplitude at P5 (p < 0.0001) followed by increased amplitude at P14 (p = 0.0008) and P55–60 (p = 0.033). C Analysis of synapse densities at P14; left: representative reconstructions of secondary basal dendrites (green filament) with associated spines (blue) and inhibitory synapses (red dots) from WT (above) and Chd8^+/– (below) GFP+ pyramidal neurons immunolabeled for the inhibitory synapse marker VGAT (scale bar 10 µm), with quantifications of spine (middle) and VGAT (right) densities. At P14, Chd8^+/– neurons showed no difference in either spine or inhibitory synapse densities. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.