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. 2021 Jan 25;26(7):2685–2706. doi: 10.1038/s41380-020-00999-7

Fig. 2. Challenges and perspectives of iPSCs for modeling proteinopathies.

Fig. 2

Neurons differentiated from iPSCs tend to have an immature phenotype, which can impact cellular functions critical to the successful modeling of prion-like protein propagation and seeding (a, b). New techniques such as brain organoids (c), microfluidic devices (d) and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing (e) are important tools to overcome these limitations and further establish iPSCs as a model of choice to study the properties and role of prion-like proteins in neurodegenerative diseases. Cas9 CRISPR associated protein 9, CRISPR Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, Pop. 1 population 1, Pop. 2 population 2, Pop. 3 population 3, 3D three-dimensional.