Table 3.

Overview of published pharmacokinetic (PK) etomidate models in the pediatric population

Study (year)	Population	N (male/female)	Blood PK samples		Patient characteristics	Drug administration	Tested covariates	Covariate models
			No. of samples	Last sample	Age/weight/height Mean (range) or (SD)
Lin (2012) [56]	Children aged older than 6 months; elective surgery	48 (29/19)	11; arterial	120 min after the start of the infusion	4.0 years (0.53–13.21) 15.7 kg (7.5–52) 103 cm (65–170)	0.3 mg/kg bolus within 15 s	Age and weight	3-compartmental model with weight on CL and V
Su (2015) [57]	Neonates and infants with congenital heart disease	20 (12/8)	>10; venous	Upon cardiopulmonary bypass	3.35 months (8 days to 11.74 months) 4.98 kg (2.5–8.35)	0.3 mg/kg bolus upon induction prior to surgery	Age, weight, effect of shunt	2-compartmental model with no significant influence of tested covariates
Shen (2016) [58]	Neonates/infants with unrepaired tetralogy of Fallot and normal cardiac anatomy	29 (17/12)	9–10; arterial	120 min after the start of the infusion	236 days (± 72) 7.7 kg (± 1.2)	60 µg/kg/min until BIS < 50	Age, sex, height, hemoglobin, hematocrit, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, total protein, prothrombin time	3-compartmental model with TOF on CL

BIS bispectral index, CL clearance, min minutes, s seconds, SD standard deviation, V volume of distribution, TOF Tetralogy of Fallot