Figure 1.

OA hinders cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo

(A and B) The influence of different OA concentrations on cell proliferation (A) and colony formation (B) in A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells. In the cell proliferation assay, the cells were treated for 72 h and viable cells were counted with an ATPlite kit. The cell inhibition rate (%) was defined as (mean luminescence value of control cells − luminescence value of cells treated by different OA concentrations)/mean luminescence value of control cells × 100. In the cell colony formation assays, A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated for 14 and 18 days, respectively. (C) Quantitative measurements of colony formation in A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells treated with different OA concentrations. (D) Time course assay of cell proliferation in A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells treated with 200 μM OA or vehicle (DMSO diluted at a ratio of 1:1,000). Viable cells were counted with an ATPlite kit. (E) Time course assay of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells treated with 200 μM OA or vehicle (DMSO diluted at a ratio of 1:1,000) for 72 h. (F–I) Impact of oral OA (120 mg/kg/day) administration on subcutaneous tumor xenograft growth of A549 (F and G) and MDA-MB-231 (H and I) cells. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, Student’s t test.