Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of octogenarians in study population
| Characteristics | Control group | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
DM (n=20) |
NDM (n=69) |
DM (n=66) |
NDM (n=139) |
DM (n=83) |
NDM (n=126) |
DM (n=73) |
NDM (n=142) |
||
| General conditions | |||||||||
| Age (years) | 82.1±1.8 | 81.3±1.7 | 81.3±1.7 | 82.2±2.4 | 81.4±1.9 | 82.1±2.3 | 82.0±2.2 | 81.9±2.0 | 0.325 |
| Male | 12 | 43 | 37 | 95 | 61 | 100 | 52 | 109 | 0.103 |
| Female | 8 | 26 | 29 | 44 | 22 | 26 | 21 | 33 | 0.211 |
| HR (beat/min) | 66.9±11.5 | 71.9±10.4 | 75.3±13.8 | 74.2±14.0 | 74.8±13.3 | 72.1±12.3 | 77.9±14.5△△ | 76.2±15.5 | 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4±3.3 | 24.0±3.9 | 24.4±3.3 | 24.1±3.5 | 25.6±3.4 | 24.1±3.1 | 24.3±3.2 | 24.9±3.3 | 0.501 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 142.5±21.7 | 136.7±17.7 | 141.8±13.4 | 135.4±22.6§ | 138.3±21.9 | 136.5±23.5 | 138.1±24.1 | 135.1±20.4 | 0.549 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71.6±14.6 | 72.9±11.1 | 70.5±11.6 | 71.1±11.7 | 70.7±12.7 | 72.6±11.2 | 68.4±12.1 | 72.4±11.1§ | 0.006 |
| EF (%) | 60.1±7.9 | 60.7±6.6 | 58.1±6.1 | 55.6±13.7 | 54.1±8.6△△## | 56.6±8.3 | 54.7±11.0 | 53.6±10.6 | 0.001 |
| Gensini score | 0 | 0 | 49.1±39.6 | 50.8±38.2 | 55.2±40.8 | 45.8±42.3 | 59.2±42.4 | 60.6±48.7 | 0.493 |
| Risk factors | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 17 | 55 | 55 | 97 | 75 | 90 | 63 | 109 | 0.641 |
| Hyperlipoidemia | 4 | 19 | 20 | 30 | 18 | 26 | 16 | 33 | 0.566 |
| Previous MI | 0 | 6 | 8 | 27 | 17 | 23 | 10 | 32 | 0.105 |
| Previous stroke | 5 | 7 | 10 | 27 | 21 | 27 | 18 | 32 | 0.441 |
| CRF | 2 | 3 | 7 | 9 | 14 | 12 | 15 | 20 | 0.367 |
| Smoking | 3 | 9 | 17 | 27 | 26 | 31 | 23 | 35 | 0.287 |
| Baseline blood features | |||||||||
| TC (mmol/L) | 3.9±1.0 | 3.8±0.8 | 3.9±1.0 | 4.1±0.9 | 4.1±1.0 | 4.1±1.0 | 4.1±0.89 | 4.2±1.0 | 0.499 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.3±0.6 | 1.2±0.5 | 1.5±0.9 | 1.2±0.6§ | 1.4±0.6 | 1.3±0.7 | 1.7±0.9▽▽ | 1.5±0.8§ | 0.003 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.3±0.5 | 1.2±0.3 | 1.2±0.3 | 1.2±0.4 | 1.1±0.3 | 1.2±0.4 | 1.1±0.5 | 1.1±0.3 | 0.297 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.1±0.7 | 2.1±0.7 | 2.1±0.9 | 2.5±0.7§§ | 2.3±0.9 | 2.4±0.8 | 2.3±0.7 | 2.5±0.9§ | 0.003 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 6.0±1.7 | 5.7±1.6 | 8.5±3.1△△ | 6.3±2.2§§ | 7.8±2.6△△ | 6.3±2.7§§ | 8.2±3.0△△ | 6.5±2.6§§ | 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.9±2.6 | 7.0±2.8 | 8.2±2.7 | 6.9±2.3§§ | 8.1±2.3 | 7.1±2.6§§ | 8.4±2.2 | 7.1±2.4§§ | 0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 68.6±17.6 | 78.2±16.7§ | 79.4±20.8 | 77.8±30.1 | 69.0±18.5## | 71.5±16.0△△# | 62.2±20.8**▽ | 68.5±19.9§△△** | 0.002 |
| Cardiovascular medications | |||||||||
| Aspirin | 19 | 64 | 66 | 137 | 81 | 122 | 71 | 136 | 0.483 |
| Clopidogrel | 15 | 58 | 66△△ | 138 | 80△△ | 120 | 67△* | 133 | 0.001 |
| β-Blocker | 14 | 36 | 42 | 83 | 53 | 67 | 56 | 98 | 0.336 |
| ACEI/ARB | 13 | 42 | 41 | 71 | 49 | 59 | 51 | 76 | 0.559 |
| Statin | 15 | 64 | 64△△ | 129 | 74 | 120 | 66 | 135 | 0.030 |
Data are shown as mean±standard deviation (SD) or number (n) of patients. △ P<0.05, △△ P<0.01, ACS vs. control; # P<0.05, ## P<0.01, Group 2 vs. Group 1; * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, Group 3 vs. Group 1; ▽ P<0.05, ▽▽ P<0.01, Group 3 vs. Group 2; § P<0.05, §§ P<0.01, DM vs. NDM in the same group. P values in bold are <0.05. ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ACS: acute coronary syndrome; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI: body mass index; CRF: chronic renal failure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DM: diabetes mellitus; EF: ejection fraction; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBG: fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HR: heart rate; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; MI: myocardial infarction; NDM: non-diabetes mellitus; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol.