Table 1.

Clinical studies that examined the association between sleep dysregulation and binge eating.

Study	Demographics (n, sex)	Sleep measures	Binge eating measures	Sleep changes associated with binge eating	Control for obesity status
Vardar et al. (2004) [44]	55 F, 18 M	PSQI	DSM-IV BED criteria	Increased PSQI global score and sleep latency	No
Trace et al. (2012) [45]	3790 F, (244 with lifetime binge eating)	Study-specific sleep assessment	DSM-IV binge eating criteria	Poorer subjective sleep quality, increased sleep latency, greater daytime dysfunction, and disturbed sleep	Yes; associations remain significant
Yeh et al. (2014) [46]	233 F, 107 M	PSQI	Binge Eating Scale (BES)	Increased PSQI global score and use of sleep medication, poorer subjective sleep quality, decreased sleep duration, disturbed sleep, and daytime dysfunction	No
Tzischinsky et al. (2006) [47]	36 F, 25 M (children)	Actinography analysis, Mini-Sleep Questionnaire, The Standard Technion Clinical Sleep Questionnaire, and a Sleep Diary	DSM-IV BED criteria	Increased sleep latency and wakefulness during sleep, decreased sleep efficacy, and increased restless sleep	Yes; associations remain significant
Kim et al. (2010) [48]	400 F	Study-specific sleep assessment	DSM-IV binge eating criteria	Increased sleep latency and midsleep awakening	No
Kenny et al. (2018) [43]	128 F, 18 M	Insomnia Severity Index (ISI; Bastien, Vallieres & Morin 2001 [236])	Eating Disorder Examination 17.0 (EDE 17.0) interview (BED section only)	Greater insomnia symptoms	No
Ulman et al. (2012) [49]	72,435 F (921 with binge eating pre-pregnancy, 1235 with binge eating while pregnant)	Study-specific sleep assessment	DSM-IV BED criteria	Sleep disturbances and dissatisfaction with sleep	No