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. 2021 Oct 11;12:5910. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-25972-y

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© The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a FAMHE’s scaling with the number of data providers, b with the size of the dataset, and c with the number of variants considered in the GWAS. Panel (d) is the legend box for (a–c). In (a), we also observe the effect of a reduced available bandwidth (from 1 Gbps to 500 Mbps) and increased communication delay (from 20 to 40 ms) on FAMHE’s execution time. The original dataset containing 1857 samples and four million variants is evenly split among the data providers. By default, the number of DPs is fixed to 6.