Fig. 5. Frontal cortex mGlu₃ receptor knockdown decreases passive coping behaviors.

a Cre-expressing mice (green circles ♀, green squares ♂) exhibited increased latency to enter an immobile posture in the tail-suspension test relative to GFP controls (white circles ♀, gray squares ♂) (95.9 ± 8.4 s Cre vs 67.4 ± 7.2 s GFP, *p < 0.05, t₃₁ = 2.589, N = 15–18 mice/group). b No difference in the total time of immobility during the tail suspension test between GFP and Cre mice. c Cre-expressing mice displayed a longer latency to immobility on the first exposure to the forced swim test (90.4 ± 6.0 s Cre vs 71.5 ± 4.9 s GFP, *p < 0.05, t₃₁ = 2.453, N = 16–17). d Decreased total immobility in the first forced to swim in Cre mice relative to GFP controls (157.7 ± 6.0 s Cre vs 179.4 ± 7.8 s GFP, *p < 0.05, t₃₂ = 2.172, N = 16–18). e No difference in latency to immobility on the second exposure to a forced swim between GFP- and Cre-expressing mice. f Cre expression decreased the total immobility on the second exposure to a forced swim (227.0. ± 5.0 s Cre vs 254.7 ± 4.6 s GFP, **p < 0.01, t₃₂ = 4.109, N = 8).