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. 2021 Sep 28;9:731028. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.731028

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Copyright © 2021 Xia, Li, Khalid, Bikson and Fu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of DCS strength on HS of endothelial glycocalyx (EG) of in vitro BBB formed by hCMEC monolayer. (A) Confocal images of heparan sulfate (HS) of EG on in vitro BBB and (B) comparison of HS intensity under control and after 5 min or 10 min treatments with 0.1, 0.5, or 1 mA/cm² DCS. *p < 0.05.