. 2021 Dec;150:105810. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105810

Table 2.

Effect of pre-emergence herbicide treatments and farmer practice on cassava establishment at 4 and 8 WAP in 2016 and 2017 in on-farm cassava monocrop sites at Abia, Benue, Ogun and Oyo States in Nigeria.

Pre-emergence treatments^a	Abia	Benue	4WAP^b	Oyo	Mean	Abia	Benue	8WAP	Oyo	Mean
Pre-emergence treatments^a	Abia	Benue	Ogun	Oyo	Mean	Abia	Benue	Ogun	Oyo	Mean
	^{_________________________}(%)^{_________________________}					^{________________________}(%)^{_________________________}
2016
DIFF	72 aB	85 abA	73 bAB	58 aC	72 bc	NC	96 abA	84 abB	80 bB	87 bc
FLUP	67 bB	81 bA	81 abA	50 bC	70 c	NC	97 aA	86 aB	75 cdC	86 cd
INDI	51 dB	67 cA	64 cA	32 cC	53 e	NC	95 abA	76 cB	77 cB	83 e
INDM	58 cB	67 cAB	76 bA	36 cC	60 d	NC	94 bA	81 bB	74 cdB	83 e
SMEA	70 abB	86 aA	82 aA	59 aB	74 ab	NC	98 aA	87 aB	84 aB	90 a
SMET	71 abB	86 aA	83 aA	59 aC	75 a	NC	96 abA	87 aAB	83 abB	89 ab
NOPR	67 bB	89 aA	84 aA	56 aB	74 ab	NC	98 aA	84 abB	73 dC	85 d
F-value		5.34			104.60			5.52		15.7
d.f.		18, 1294			6, 1294			12, 972		6, 972
P-value		<0.0001			<0.0001			<0.0001		<0.0001

2017
DIFF	55 dD	100 aA	76 bcC	85 bB	79 c	55 dC	100 aA	84 abB	91 abcB	83 c
FLUP	92 aA	100 aA	73 cB	54 dC	80 c	92 aB	100 aA	77 bcC	98 aAB	92 a
INDI	31 eD	100 aA	81 aB	59 dC	68 e	31 eC	100 aA	85 aB	90 bcB	77 d
INDM	53 dC	98 aA	75 bcB	68 cB	73 d	53 dC	98 aA	75 cB	94 abA	80 cd
SMEA	99 aA	99 aA	82 abB	86 abB	92 a	100 aA	100 aA	87 aB	83 cdB	92 a
SMET	72 cC	100 aA	84 aB	94 aA	88 ab	72 cC	100 aA	83 abB	93 abA	87 b
FPRA	84 bB	99 aA	82 abB	80 bB	86 b	81 bB	99 aA	86 aB	89 bB	89 ab
F-value		21.59			32.07			19.38		20.02
d.f.		18, 392			6, 392			18, 380		6,380
P-value		<0.0001			<0.0001			<0.0001		<0.0001

Pre-emergence treatments are represented as DIFF, diflufenican + flufenacet + flurtamone; FLUP, flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone; INDI, indaziflam + isoxaflutole; INDM, indaziflam + metribuzin; SMEA, s-metolachlor + atrazine; SMET, s-metolachlor + terbuthylazine; NOPR, no pre-emergence; FPRA, farmer practice (data not collected in 2016).

WAP = Weeks after planting; Different small letters within locations (Abia, Benue, Ogun, and Oyo) indicate significant differences in establishment among treatments at P < 0.05 probability level. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences in establishment among locations for each pre-emergence treatment at P < 0.05 probability level. NC = Data were not collected.