. 2021 Dec;150:105810. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105810

Table 3.

Percentage of weeds controlled by pre-emergence herbicides and farmer practice at different locations (Abia, Benue, Ogun, and Oyo States) at 4, 6 and 8 weeks after treatment in on-farm trials in 2016 and 2017 in Nigeria.

Pre-emergence treatments^a	Abia	Benue	4 WAP^b	Oyo	Mean	Abia		Benue	6 WAP	Oyo	Mean		Abia	Benue		8WAP	Oyo			Mean
Pre-emergence treatments^a	Abia	Benue	Ogun	Oyo	Mean	Abia		Benue	Ogun	Oyo	Mean		Abia	Benue		Ogun	Oyo			Mean
2016	^{_________________________________}(%)^{_______________________________}					^{__________________________________}(%)^{_____________________________}							^{__________________________________}(%)^{___________________________}
DIFF	88 bAB	92 bA	83 dB	89 cAB	88 d	79 aB		NC	71 cdC	85 bA	77 c		76 aAB	75 cAB		77 aA	66 bcdB			73 c
FLUP	91 abA	94 bA	89 bcA	91 bcA	91 c	79 aB		NC	74 bcB	90 abA	80 bc		78 aAB	81 bA		78 aAB	70 bB			77 b
INDI	96 aA	99 aA	94 aA	97 aA	96 a	81 aB		NC	84 aB	95 aA	85 a		75 aB	89 aA		78 aB	87 aAB			82 a
INDM	90 abB	100 aA	91 bB	94 abAB	94 b	78 aB		NC	78 abB	91 abA	81 b		79 aA	80 bcA		77 aA	86 aA			80 a
SMEA	93 aA	94 bA	88 cA	92 bA	92 c	80 aAB		NC	76 bcB	86 bA	80 bc		75 aA	79 bcA		77 aA	62 dB			73 c
SMET	90 abA	92 bA	89 bcA	92 bA	91 c	80 aB		NC	77 bB	90 abA	81 b		75 aA	78 bcA		77 aA	69 bcA			75 bc
NOPR	0 cA	0 cA	0 eA	0 dA	0 e	65 bA		NC	66 dA	38 cB	59 d		65 bB	79 bcA		59 bB	64 cdB			67 d
F-value			3.41		4175				11.53		52.0					6.67				23.58
d.f			18, 1186		6, 1186				12, 697		6, 697					18, 1296				6, 1296
P-value			<0.0001		<0.0001				<0.0001		<0.0001					<0.0001				<0.0001

2017
DIFF	85 abA	87 aA	90 abA	77 cB	85 b	81 aA		77 aA	77 cdA	64 cB	75 d		75 aA	77 aA		77 bc A	80 bA			77 b
FLUP	87 aB	93 aAB	90 abB	97 aA	92 a	85 aAB		82 aAB	90 aA	81 bB	84 a		77 aB	77 aB		81 bB	90 aB			81 a
INDI	88 aB	88 aB	92 aB	99 aA	92 a	77 aB		79 aB	85 abAB	89 aA	83 ab		77 aA	75 aA		77 bcA	80 bA			77 b
INDM	80 bB	90 aA	87 aA	89 bA	87 b	85 aA		75 aB	83 abcAB	79 bAB	81 abc		78 aAB	77 aAB		73 bcB	84 abA			78 ab
SMEA	85 abB	93 aA	87 aB	70 dC	84 b	83 aA		82 aA	69 deB	84 abA	79 bc		78 aB	75 aB		91 aA	78 bB			81 a
SMET	85 abA	87 aA	85 bA	82 cA	85 b	79 aA		77 aA	79 bcA	77 bA	78 cd		77 aB	77 aB		70 cB	87 abA			78 ab
FPRA	53 cB	45 bC	75 cA	32 eD	52 c	51 bB		36 bC	64 eA	41 dC	48 e		53 bB	62 bA		53 dB	43 cC			53 c
F-value		13.48			158			4.94			71.44				3.29			40.6
d.f		18, 392			6, 392		18, 392					6, 392				18, 392			6, 392
P-value		<0.0001			<0.0001		<0.0001					<0.0001				<0.0001			<0.0001

Pre-emergence treatments are represented as DIFF, diflufenican + flufenacet + flurtamone; FLUP, flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone; INDI, indaziflm + isoxaflutole; INDM, indaziflam + metribuzin; SMEA, s-metolachlor + atrazine; SMET, s-metolachlor + terbuthylazine; NOPR, no pre-emergence; FPRA, farmer practice.

WAP = Weeks after planting; Different small letters within location (Abia, Benue, Ogun and Oyo) indicate significant differences in cassava establishment among treatments at P < 0.05 probability level. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences in cassava establishment among locations for each treatment at P < 0.05 probability level. NC = Data were not collected.