. 2021 Dec;150:105810. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105810

Table 5.

Percentage of weeds controlled on-farm in 2016 in Nigeria at 12 WAP (A), cassava stand population (B). and fresh root yield (C) as influenced by different treatment combinations and farmer practice.

Pre-emergence treatments^a	Post-emergence treatments^b
Pre-emergence treatments^a	CLEL	FLUL	FORT	GLYP	LOHH	MOTO	NOPS	SHHH
(A) Weed control efficacy (%)
DIFF	66 cC	74 bA	74 bA	68 cBC	67 cBC	70 bAB	57 cD	68 cBC
FLUP	76 bA	75 bA	76 bA	76 bA	86 aAB	73 bAB	72 bB	76 bA
INDI	83 aA	83 aA	84 aA	82 aA	84 aA	83 aA	80 aB	82 aA
INDM	80 aA	82 aA	80 aA	82 aA	80 aA	79 abA	80 aAB	81 aAB
SMEA	76 bA	75 bAB	74 bAB	74 bAB	73 bABC	69 cC	60 cD	71 bBC
SMET	74 bAB	73 bAB	76 bA	74 bAB	71 bB	73 bAB	62 cC	73 bAB
NOPR	61 cC	63 cBC	66 cAB	65 cAB	66 cAB	67 cdAB	0 dD	68 cA
(B) Cassava stand population (no. ha⁻¹)
DIFF	8938 bcAB	9573 aA	9431 aAB	7997 bcC	9096 bcAB	8707 bcBC	8850 aAB	8645 cdBC
FLUP	9583 abAB	8834 abBC	9256 aABC	8596 abBC	9376 abcAB	9810 aA	8500 aC	9387 abAB
INDI	8881 bcAB	9095 aAB	9075 abAB	8979 aAB	9193 bcdA	8770 bcAB	8399 aB	8973 bcAB
INDM	8854 bcAB	8986 aAB	8807 abAB	9184 aA	8566 cdAB	9154 bA	9143 aA	8292 cdB
SMEA	9967 aAB	9325 aBCD	9629 aABC	8818 abD	10112 aA	9497 abABCD	9043 aC	9659 abABC
SMET	9479 abAB	9451 aAB	9400 aAB	8366 abC	9953 abA	10015 aA	8826 aBC	10175 aA
NOPR	8053 cdA	7991 bcA	8177 bcA	6674 dB	8415 dA	7945 cdA	5882 bcB	7971 deA
FPRA	7282 d	7282 c	7282 c	7282 cd	7282 e	7282 d	7282 b	7282 e
(C) Cassava root yield (t ha⁻¹)
DIFF	22.89 abA	22.49 aA	22.67 aA	17.15 cC	21.32 bAB	21.08 abAB	19.08 aBC	20.72 abAB
FLUP	24.04 abA	23.06 aA	22.34 aAB	20.45 bB	20.49 bB	23.04 aA	19.86 aB	21.93 abAB
INDI	21.91 abAB	21.48 aAB	21.71 aAB	24.11 aA	22.16 bAB	21.72 abAB	18.71 aC	21.06 abBC
INDM	21.36 bA	20.25 aA	20.28 aA	21.71 abA	21.35 bA	19.36 bA	20.74 aA	20.24 bA
SMEA	24.53 aAB	22.63 aBCD	22.43 aBCD	21.76 abCD	25.82 aA	22.28 aBCD	20.42 aD	23.51 aABC
SMET	22.37 abAB	21.02 aBC	22.79 aAB	16.65 cD	22.30 bAB	23.91 aA	19.41 aC	22.73 abAB
NOPR	16.66 cA	16.57 bA	16.79 bA	12.18 dB	16.69 cA	15.23 cA	6.95 bC	15.79 cA
FPRA	10.56 d	10.56 c	10.56 c	10.56 d	10.56 d	10.56 d	10.56 b	10.56 d

Pre-emergence treatments are represented as DIFF, diflufenican + flufenacet + flurtamone; FLUP, flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone; INDM, indaziflam + metribuzin; INDI, Indaziflam + isoxaflutole; SMEA, s-metolachlor + atrazine; SMET, s-metolachlor + terbuthylazine; NOPR, no pre-emergence; FPRA, farmer practice.

Post-emergence treatments are represented as CLEL, clethodim + lactofen; FLUL, fluazifop-p-butyl + lactofen; FORT, foramsulfuron-sodium + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium + thiencarbazone-methyl + cyprosulfamide; GLYP, glyphosate; LOHH, long-handled hoe; MOTO, motorized rotary weeder; NOPS, no post-emergence treatment; SHHH, short-handled hoe. Different small letters within each post-emergence treatment indicate significant differences treatment means at P < 0.05 probability level. Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences among post-emergence treatments at P < 0.05 probability level for each pre-emergence treatment.