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. 2021 Sep 28;15:725573. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.725573

FIGURE 5.

FIGURE 5

EEM promote 3D morphological changes in spinal cord neurovascular network after SCI. (A) Representative 3D morphological image of spinal cord neuronal network changes including the presumptive fide axons among the different treatment groups. Scale bar: 10 μm. (B) Representative 3D images of the spinal cord microvasculature in the different treatment groups. Scale bar: 100 μm. (C) Percentage of soma volume to total volume in (A) [F(3, 20) = 22.23, p < 0.01. Tukey’s post hoc test. Control vs. Sham, p < 0.01; MQ vs. Control, p = 0.82; MQ vs. EEM, p < 0.01; n = 6 animals for each group]. (D) Average axon length in (A) [F(3, 20) = 28.74, p < 0.01. Tukey’s post hoc test. Control vs. Sham, p < 0.01; MQ vs. Control, p = 0.99; MQ vs. EEM, p < 0.01; n = 6 animals for each group]. (E) Quantification of vessel volume in (B) [F(3, 20) = 29.02, p < 0.01. Tukey’s post hoc test. Control vs. Sham, p < 0.01; MQ vs. Control, p = 0.99; MQ vs. EEM, p < 0.01; n = 6 animals for each group]. (F) Quantification of vessel segment density in (B) [F(3, 20) = 16.51, p < 0.01. Tukey’s post hoc test. Control vs. Sham, p < 0.01; MQ vs. Control, p = 0.95; MQ vs. EEM, p < 0.01; n = 6 animals for each group]. (G) Quantification of vessel bifurcation in (B) [F(3, 20) = 30.05, p < 0.01. Tukey’s post hoc test. Control vs. Sham, p < 0.01; MQ vs. Control, p = 0.99; MQ vs. EEM, p < 0.01; n = 6 animals for each group]. The data are presented as the means ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, NS = Not significant.