Table 1.

Incidence and number per 100 000 person-years of pneumococcal pneumonia, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumonia

Disease*	All ages		18–49 years		50–64 years		≥65 years
	No of episodes	Incidence rate per 100 000 person-years	No of episodes	Incidence rate per 100 000 person-years	No of episodes	Incidence rate per 100 000 person-years	No of cases	Incidence rate per 100 000 person-years
IPD
Period 1	699	2.2	125	0.7	195	2.2	379	6.2
Period 2	26	2.4	5	0.9	6	2.0	15	6.6
Period 3	17	0.2	3	0.08	8	0.4	6	0.4
% reduction†		88.9% (79.8% to 98.0%)***		88.6% (66.8% to 110.4%)***		81.3% (62.1% to 100.4%)***		93.5% (82,2% to 104.8%)***
IRR‡		0.11 (0.07 to 0.18)***		0.11 (0.04 to 0.36)***		0.19 (0.09 to 0.38)***		0.07 (0.03 to 0.15)***
Pneumococcal pneumonia
Period 1	1970	6.2	217	1.3	435	4.9	1318	21.7
Period 2	74	6.9	11	2.0	14	4.7	49	32.4
Period 3	119	1.7	8	0.2	24	1.2	87	5.9
% reduction		72.5% (65.9% to 79.1%)***		82.5% (64.5% to 100.5%)***		74.8% (61.0% to 88.6%)***		73.0% (65.2% to 80.8%)***
IRR‡		0.28 (0.23 to 0.33)***		0.18 (0.09 to 0.35)***		0.25 (0.17 to 0.38)***		0.27 (0.22 to 0.34)***
All-cause pneumonia
Period 1	372 660	1169.7	19 502	115.3	38 360	432.4	314 798	5177.1
Period 2	13 865	1288.2	843	153.6	1448	484.6	11 574	5062.3
Period 3	67 474	964.5	2473	69.3	6181	318.3	58 820	3958.0
% reduction		17.5% (16.8% to 18.2%)***		39.9% (37.1% to 42.7%)***		26.4% (24.3% to 28.5%)***		23.5% (22.8% to 24.3%)***
IRR‡		0.83 (0.82 to 0.83)***		0.60 (0.58 to 0.63)***		0.74 (0.72 to 0.76)***		0.77 (0.76 to 0.77)***

*P<0.05–0.01, **p<0.01–0.005, ***p<0.005.

*Period 1, January 2015–December 2019 (before COVID-19); period 2, January 2020–February 2020 (transition period); period 3, March 2020–March 2021 (post-COVID-19).

†Percentage reduction in period 3 relative to period 1 as the baseline.

‡IRR between period 1 and period 3.

IRR, incidence rate ratio.