Table 2.
Predictors of HRQoL and mental health in children and adolescents during the pandemic
| HRQoLac | Mental health problemsbd | Anxietyad | Depressive symptomsad | Psychosomatic complaintsad | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | 95% CI | B | 95% CI | B | 95% CI | B | 95% CI | B | 95% CI | ||||||
| LL | UL | LL | UL | LL | UL | LL | UL | LL | UL | ||||||
| Intercept | 46.35 | 45.54 | 47.16 | 9.14 | 8.75 | 9.52 | 5.10 | 4.63 | 5.55 | 10.53 | 10.14 | 10.91 | 1.36 | 1.30 | 1.42 | 
| Effect of time | − 0.77* | − 1.26 | − 0.28 | 0.15 | − 0.10 | 0.39 | 0.45* | 0.20 | 0.70 | 0.46* | 0.23 | 0.70 | 0.10* | 0.07 | 0.14 | 
| Female | 2.28 | − 2.97 | 7.54 | − 2.22* | − 3.90 | − 0.54 | − 2.68* | − 5.69 | 0.33 | − 1.36 | − 3.87 | 1.16 | − 0.17 | − 0.58 | 0.24 | 
| Age | 0.22 | − 0.03 | 0.48 | − 0.48* | − 0.57 | − 0.39 | − 0.24* | − 0.39 | − 0.09 | − 0.05 | − 0.18 | 0.07 | − 0.01 | − 0.03 | 0.01 | 
| Female × age | − 0.23 | − 0.60 | 0.13 | 0.11 | − 0.02 | 0.24 | 0.27* | 0.07 | 0.48 | 0.14 | − 0.03 | 0.32 | 0.02 | − 0.01 | 0.05 | 
| Migration background | − 0.97 | − 1.98 | 0.05 | 0.37 | − 0.22 | 0.97 | 0.02 | − 0.57 | 0.60 | 0.24 | − 0.24 | 0.73 | 0.08* | 0.01 | 0.16 | 
| Low parental education | 0.71 | − 0.22 | 1.64 | 1.07* | 0.54 | 1.60 | − 0.18 | − 0.71 | 0.34 | − 0.20 | − 0.64 | 0.25 | − 0.04 | − 0.12 | 0.03 | 
| Single parenthood | − 1.19* | − 2.12 | − 0.26 | 1.02* | 0.44 | 1.59 | 0.67* | 0.12 | 1.21 | 0.64* | 0.20 | 1.09 | 0.12* | 0.04 | 0.19 | 
| Living space | 0.02 | − 0.01 | 0.04 | − 0.02* | − 0.03 | − 0.01 | − 0.02* | − 0.03 | − 0.00 | − 0.01 | − 0.02 | 0.01 | − 0.00 | − 0.00 | 0.00 | 
| Parental mental illness | − 1.33* | − 2.64 | − 0.02 | 2.00* | 1.28 | 2.72 | 1.22* | 0.50 | 1.94 | 1.18* | 0.55 | 1.81 | 0.16* | 0.06 | 0.26 | 
| Parental burden due to the pandemic | − 2.36* | − 3.56 | − 1.16 | 1.76* | 1.14 | 2.38 | 1.30* | 0.66 | 1.94 | 1.29* | 0.71 | 1.86 | 0.16* | 0.07 | 0.25 | 
| Changes in occupational status | − 1.53* | − 2.34 | − 0.72 | 0.75* | 0.33 | 1.18 | 0.42 | − 0.01 | 0.86 | 0.83* | 0.44 | 1.22 | 0.11* | 0.05 | 0.18 | 
| Family conflicts | − 2.24* | − 3.90 | − 0.59 | 2.43* | 1.64 | 3.23 | 0.57 | − 0.32 | 1.45 | 1.48* | 0.69 | 2.28 | 0.28* | 0.16 | 0.41 | 
| Escalation of conflicts | − 1.20 | − 2.56 | 0.16 | 1.40* | 0.72 | 2.07 | 1.01* | 0.29 | 1.72 | 0.81* | 0.16 | 1.46 | 0.17* | 0.06 | 0.27 | 
| Family climatee | 3.53* | 2.83 | 4.23 | − 2.63* | − 3.01 | − 2.25 | − 0.98* | − 1.36 | − 0.60 | − 1.47* | − 1.81 | − 1.14 | − 0.21* | − 0.26 | − 0.16 | 
| Social supporte | 2.85* | 2.28 | 3.42 | − 1.49* | − 1.81 | − 1.18 | − 0.59* | − 0.90 | − 0.28 | − 0.88* | − 1.15 | − 0.60 | − 0.09* | − 0.13 | − 0.05 | 
| Model fit (adj. R2) | 0.657 | 0.811 | 0.460 | 0.625 | 0.675 | ||||||||||
The parameter estimates indicate how the predictors are associated with the outcomes (controlling for the other predictors)
aSelf-report, 11–17 years
bParent-report, 7–17 years
CHigher values indicate better HRQoL
dHigher values indicate stronger symptoms and complaints
eHigher values indicate stronger resources; * p < 0.05