Table 1. Baseline characteristics.
| Characteristics | Robotic (n=32) | Open (n=55) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | |||
| Age, mean ± SD, years | 63.3±10.3 | 64.9±14.5 | 0.573 |
| Sex, male, No. (%) | 22 (68.80) | 24 (43.60) | 0.023 |
| Race, No. (%) | 0.738 | ||
| Asian | 11 (34.40) | 17 (30.90) | |
| Black | 7 (21.90) | 8 (14.5) | |
| Hispanic | 1 (3.10) | 3 (5.50) | |
| White | 13 (40.6) | 27 (49.10) | |
| BMI, mean ± SD, kg/m2 | 26.6±4.3 | 24.6±5.2 | 0.061 |
| Smoker, No. (%) | 8 (25.00) | 8 (14.50) | 0.224 |
| ASA-classification, No. (%) | 0.814 | ||
| 2 | 6 (18.80) | 12 (21.80) | |
| 3 | 25 (78.10) | 40 (72.70) | |
| 4 | 1 (3.10) | 3 (5.50) | |
| ChCI age-adjusted, median [IQR] | 5 [4–6.5] | 4.5 [3–6] | 0.213‡ |
| Preoperative tumor staging | |||
| Tumor size, mean ± SD, cm | 3.65±2.00 | 3.16±2.00 | 0.300 |
| CBD, No. (%) | 1 (3.12) | 9 (15.52) | |
| Clinical tumor stage*, No. (%) | 0.114 | ||
| T2 | 8 (25.00) | 23 (41.80) | |
| T3/T4 | 24 (75.00) | 32 (58.20) | |
| N-stage, No. (%) | 0.276 | ||
| Negative (N0) | 13 (40.60) | 29 (52.70) | |
| Positive (N1, N2, N3) | 19 (59.40) | 26 (47.30) |
*, staging based on CT criteria and EUS according to AJCC; ‡, based on the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; ChCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; IQR, inter quartile range; CBD, can’t be determined; CT, computed tomography; EUS, endoscopic ultrasonography; AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer.