Table 2.
Knowledge and practices on ANC, pregnancy, delivery and PNC
| ANC, pregnancy and PNC care | FDMN in makeshift settlement n (%) |
FDMN in host community n (%) |
Host community n (%) |
Total n (%) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Knowledge on required ANC visits in one pregnancy | |||||
| 2 ANC visits | 8 (1.9) | 9 (2.5) | 3 (1.4) | 20 (2) | < 0.001 |
| 3 ANC visits | 119 (27.8) | 153 (42.9) | 116 (54.2) | 388 (38.8) | |
| 4 and more ANC visits | 246 (57.5) | 92 (25.8) | 67 (31.3) | 405 (40.5) | |
| Don’t know | 55 (12.9) | 103 (28.9) | 28 (13.1) | 186 (18.6) | |
| Episodes of ANC visits received in last pregnancy | |||||
| Did not do ANC visit | 51 (11.9) | 187 (52.4) | 51 (23.8) | 289 (28.9) | < 0.001 |
| One ANC visit | 25 (5.8) | 47 (13.2) | 27 (12.6) | 99 (9.9) | |
| 2 ANC visits | 34 (7.9) | 37 (10.4) | 36 (16.8) | 107 (10.7) | |
| 3 ANC visits | 148 (34.6) | 69 (19.3) | 75 (35.0) | 292 (29.2) | |
| 4 or more ANC visits | 170 (39.7) | 17 (4.8) | 25 (11.7) | 212 (21.2) | |
| Common places where ANC service was received | |||||
| Government health facility | 41 (10.9) | 74 (44) | 54 (33.1) | 169 (23.9) | < 0.001 |
| NGO run clinic | 329 (87.5) | 99 (58.9) | 88 (54) | 516 (73) | |
| Private health facility | 27 (7.2) | 12 (7.1) | 36 (22.1) | 75 (10.6) | |
| Person seen for last ANC visit | |||||
| Trained health personnela | 349 (92.6) | 162 (95.3) | 149 (91.4) | 660 (93) | 0.003 |
| Non-trained personnelb | 70 (18.6) | 11 (6.5) | 27 (16.6) | 108 (15.2) | |
| Number of TT vaccine during last pregnancy | |||||
| TT vaccine given | 336 (78.5) | 291 (81.5) | 193 (90.2) | 820 (82.1) | 0.001 |
| Mean numbers | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | |
| Knowledge about danger signs of pregnancyc | |||||
| Not known at all | 48 (11.2) | 60 (16.8) | 20 (9.3) | 128 (12.8) | 0.028 |
| At least two danger signs | 203 (47.4) | 176 (49.3) | 105 (49.1) | 484 (48.4) | |
| Known at least three or more danger signs | 177 (41.4) | 121 (33.9) | 89 (41.6) | 387 (38.7) | |
| Suffered any complications during last pregnancy/birth | |||||
| Yes, suffered complicationsd | 124 (29.0) | 87 (24.4) | 81 (37.9) | 292 (29.2) | 0.003 |
| No, did not suffer complications | 304 (71.0) | 270 (75.6) | 133 (62.1) | 707 (70.8) | |
| Health facility visited for complications management | |||||
| Government health facility | 23 (19) | 17 (20.7) | 19 (24.1) | 59 (20.9) | < 0.001 |
| NGO run clinic | 84 (69.4) | 31 (37.8) | 18 (22.8) | 133 (47.2) | |
| Private health facility | 14 (11.6) | 34 (41.5) | 42 (53.2) | 90 (31.9) | |
| Place of last birth | |||||
| Home | 326 (76.2) | 344 (96.4) | 181 (84.6) | 851 (85.2) | < 0.001 |
| Government health facility | 15 (3.5) | 6 (1.7) | 19 (8.9) | 40 (4) | |
| NGO Clinic | 83 (19.4) | 3 (0.8) | 8 (3.7) | 94 (9.4) | |
| Private health facility | 4 (0.9) | 4 (1.1) | 6 (2.8) | 14 (1.4) | |
| Person assisted for delivery at health facility | |||||
| Trained health personnel | 169 (75.4) | 27 (30) | 39 (38.6) | 235 (56.6) | < 0.001 |
| Non-trained personnel | 85 (37.9) | 64 (71.1) | 63 (62.4) | 212 (51.1) | |
| Trained health personnel | 169 (75.4) | 27 (30) | 39 (38.6) | 235 (56.6) | |
| Number of last PNC visits | |||||
| 1 PNC visit | 60 (26.8) | 32 (35.6) | 36 (35.6) | 128 (30.8) | 0.362 |
| 2 PNC visits | 79 (35.3) | 26 (28.9) | 28 (27.7) | 133 (32) | |
| 3 PNC visits | 53 (23.7) | 22 (24.4) | 19 (18.8) | 94 (22.7) | |
| 4 or more PNC visits | 32 (14.3) | 10 (11.1) | 18 (17.8) | 60 (14.5) | |
| Places for PNC check-up | |||||
| Government health facility | 15 (6.9) | 9 (10.7) | 18 (18.6) | 42 (10.6) | < 0.001 |
| NGO run clinic | 169 (77.9) | 21 (25) | 13 (13.4) | 203 (51) | |
| Private health facility | 33 (15.2) | 54 (64.3) | 66 (68) | 153 (38.4) | |
aMedical doctor, Nurse/midwife/paramedic, Family welfare visitor, Community skilled birth attendant, Medical Assistant/SACMO, Health Assistant, Family welfare assistant
bTraditional birth attendant, unqualified doctor, NGO worker
cDanger signs of pregnancy (per vaginal bleeding, severe headache, leaking of fluid from the vagina, Abdominal pain, sudden blur vision, high fever, convulsion, prolonged labor)
dComplications during the last pregnancy/birth: convulsion, difficulty in breathing/fast breathing, infection of umbilical stump, unable to suck or difficulty in feeding, low/high body temperature, lathery