Table 3.

Effects of IR exposure on the activities and rhythm parameter of testicular enzymes

Testicular enzymes	Groups	CT 3:00	CT 7:00	CT 11:00	CT 15:00	CT 19:00	CT 23:00	M	A	ω	ϕ
G6PDH (nmol/min/mg prot)	Control	16.65±1.91	36.48±3.73	45.75±3.11	38.81±2.82	29.15±3.43	19.43±2.03	31.04	14.34	15	182.37
	IR	15.68±1.87	21.00±2.39*	50.72±6.31	41.22±2.92	25.18±2.26	22.71±2.16	29.42	15.49	15	198.64
SDH (nmol/min/mg prot)	Control	23.34±2.32	22.62±2.28	10.69±1.11	10.70±0.71	28.68±2.36	40.17±3.40	22.70	13.08	15	353.35
	IR	13.37±1.09*	8.61±0.94*	11.60±1.07	13.00±1.46	24.97±2.43	24.03±2.31*	15.93*	8.33*	15	311.34
ACP (μmol/min/mg prot)	Control	7.96±0.82	7.29±0.61	10.97±1.20	11.57±1.17	13.18±1.46	12.62±0.75	10.60	2.90	15	273.68
	IR	9.22±0.66	2.19±0.21*	3.93±0.42*	5.14±0.35*	13.63±1.28	22.22±1.02*	9.39	8.94*	15	331.25*
LDH (nmol/min/ml port)	Control	3.31±0.36	2.20±0.17	5.05±0.43	5.30±0.55	12.34±1.28	8.98±0.60	6.20	4.40	15	292.33
	IR	3.44±0.35	2.67±0.24	4.81±0.25	4.94±0.37	6.61±0.41*	4.98±0.71*	4.58	1.64*	15	271.45

Note: Date are means ± standard error for the activities levels of testicular enzymes including G6PDH, SDH, ACP and LDH. Asterisks indicate significant difference from control at p < .05 at different Control Time (CT) hours. The data obtained were then fitted by the least squares method for cosinor analysis, M is the median of the rhythm, A represents the amplitude of the rhythm, ω is the radial frequency (15 °/h) and φ is the peak phase of the rhythm. The experimental mice were subjected to whole-body irradiation of 3 Gy X-rays at different Control Time (CT) hours: CT 3:00, CT 7:00, CT 11:00, CT 15:00, CT 19:00, and CT 23:00, respectively. Control mice were handled in the same manner as those in radiation-exposed groups but without X-ray. IR, ionizing radiation