Table 4.

Effects of IR exposure on mRNA expression and rhythm parameter of clock genes

Clock genes index	Groups	CT 3:00	CT 7:00	CT 11:00	CT 15:00	CT 19:00	CT 23:00	M	A	ω	ϕ
Clock (Relative mRNA expression)	Control	1.00±0.01	1.56±0.17	0.90±0.01	0.25±0.00	0.44±0.01	0.82±0.06	0.83	0.55	15	84.34
	IR	1.38±0.12*	1.73±0.12	0.62±0.04*	0.24±0.03	0.23±0.02*	0.60±0.06	0.80	0.77	15	79.77
Bmal1 (Relative mRNA expression)	Control	1.00±0.11	1.45±0.12	0.67±0.05	0.21±0.02	0.03±0.00	0.45±0.03	0.63	0.66	15	90.51
	IR	0.29±0.02*	0.46±0.05*	0.23±0.02*	0.11±0.01*	0.09±0.01*	0.19±0.02*	0.23*	0.16*	15	90.76
ROR- a (Relative mRNA expression)	Control	1.00±0.10	0.19±0.02	0.62±0.06	1.99±0.16	4.15±0.49	1.49±0.13	1.58	1.63	15	283.80
	IR	1.23±0.12	0.28±0.02*	0.19±0.02*	0.95±0.10*	3.02±0.23*	1.67±0.18	1.22	1.22	15	309.53
ROR-β (Relative mRNA expression)	Control	1.00±0.09	0.32±0.02	0.83±0.08	2.38±0.25	6.37±0.43	3.03±0.32	2.32	2.62	15	290.16
	IR	2.07±0.21*	1.70±0.13*	0.12±0.01*	0.31±0.02*	1.01±0.07*	3.55±0.31	1.46*	1.50*	15	13.11*
ROR-γ (Relative mRNA expression)	Control	1.00±0.88	0.38±0.04	0.20±0.02	1.96±0.13	3.49±0.32	2.10±0.22	1.52	1.54	15	295.12
	IR	0.41±0.04*	0.01±0.00*	0.44±0.03*	1.11±0.09*	2.31±0.27*	0.79±0.05*	0.84*	0.95*	15	278.88

Note. Date are means ± standard error for the mRNA expression of clock genes including Clock, Bmal1, Ror-a, Ror-β, and Ror-γ. Asterisks indicate a significant difference from control at p < .05 at different Control Time (CT) hours. The data obtained were then fitted by the least squares method for cosinor analysis, M is the median of the rhythm, A represents the amplitude of the rhythm, ω is the radial frequency (15 °/h) and φ is the peak phase of the rhythm. The experimental mice were subjected to whole-body irradiation of 3 Gy X-rays at different Control Time (CT) hours: CT 3:00, CT 7:00, CT 11:00, CT 15:00, CT 19:00, and CT 23:00, respectively. Control mice were handled in the same manner as those in radiation-exposed groups but without X-ray. IR, ionizing radiation