Table 1.

Dietary animal models of NASH.

Model name	Characteristics
Methionine and choline-deficient diet	Pros: Histological NASH by 2-4 weeks Cons: Weight loss and absence of insulin resistance
Choline-deficient L-amino-defined diet	Pros: Histological NASH and hepatocarcinogenesis Cons: Weight stability and absence of insulin resistance
Cholesterol and cholate	Pros: Histological NASH by 6-24 weeks, dyslipidaemia, lipoperoxidation and oxidative stress but the major Cons: Absence of insulin resistance, weight loss of 9% and low serum triglycerides
High cholesterol diet	Pros: Insulin resistance, increase in free fatty acids, triglycerides and serum aminotransferase levels Cons: Small weight gain and not pronounced liver histological changes, level of dietary cholesterol not applicable to humans
High-fat diet	Pros: Insulin resistance, histological NASH by 16 weeks. Cons: Phenotype is not severe
High-fructose -fat and -cholesterol diet	Pros: Insulin resistance, histological NASH, liver and fat inflammation. Cons: Not progression to liver advanced fibrosis and carcinogenesis
The streptozocin high-fat diet model	Pros: Histological NASH by 20 weeks, progressive liver fibrosis ad HCC. Cons: Beta cells loss function induced by chemical agent and not by insulin resistance et systemic inflammation, transcriptomics profoundly different from humans
Diet-induced animal model of NAFLD (DIAMOND)	Pros: Obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, liver inflammation by 16 weeks, cirrhosis by 36 weeks and HCC, activation of the unfolded protein response, oxidative stress, apoptosis, fibrogenic process, serum adiponectin reduction and adipose tissue inflammation, concordance in transcriptomic analysis and histological features of HCC similar in mice and human NASH
Western-like diet	Pros: Induce hepatic steatosis, NASH and fibrosis Cons: Diet composition is not comparable to human diet
Diet- and chemical-induced murine NASH	Pros: Induce hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, NASH and HCC. Same liver transcriptomic dysregulation of human NASH Cons: Small weight gain

HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.