Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Oct 12;19:314. doi: 10.1186/s12951-021-01056-3

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 5 — Cellular internalization and cell death mechanism analysis. The cellular uptake of free DOX and nanocarriers was investigated by both flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. HT-29 and CHO cells were treated with free DOX, PEG-Au-NPs@DOX and Apt-PEG-Au-NPs@DOX (DOX final concentration was 5 μg/ml) for 6 h at 37 °C. Flow cytometry histograms of A HT-29 and B CHO cells after treatment with free DOX, PEG-Au-NPs@DOX and Apt-PEG-Au-NPs@DOX. The results of cell internalization of free DOX and nanocarriers on C HT-29 and D CHO cells as visualized by fluorescent microscopy. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Scale bar = 20 μm. Cell death mechanism was assessed by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining using flow cytometry. The results showed that free DOX, PEG-Au-NPs@DOX and Apt-PEG-Au-NPs@DOX induced apoptotic pathway in E HT-29 and F CHO cells. Viable, early, and late apoptotic cell populations accumulated in Q4, Q3, and Q2, respectively. DOX Doxorubicin, SPION Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle, MSN Mesoporous silica nanoparticle, PEG Polyethylene glycol, NP nanoparticle, Apt Aptamer, EpCAM Epithelial cell adhesion molecule, HT-29 cells Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, CHO cells Chinese hamster ovary cells