Table 3.
Impact of various DFM supplementation on health and performance of growing or finishing ruminants
| DFM | Dosage | Delivery method | Animal | Health | Performance | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S. cerevisiae | 5 g/d | In ration | Receiving beef cattle with LPS challenge | No effect on leak cortisol concentrations | Improved cumulative DMI | [110] |
| S. cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 | 8 × 109 cfu/d | Pelleted and mixed in rations with monensin | Receiving and backgrounding beef cattle | – | Increased BW, ADG, G:F on d 47; no effect on cumulative ADG, DMI, G:F during d 1–77 | [111] |
|
L. acidophilus E. faecium |
109 cfu/d | Top-dressed to the ration | Receiving beef cattle | No effect on morbidity, humoral immune response | No effect on DMI, feed efficiency; maintained fecal pH between d 7 and 14; performance response may relate to degradable intake protein levels | [10] |
| S. cerevisiae |
Low: 3 × 1010 cfu/d High: 6 × 1010 cfu/d |
In steam-flaked corn-based diets | Finishing beef cattle | – | No impact on DMI, ADG, G:F, feeding behavior; increased carcass quality with increasing yeast inclusion; increased total tract apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE, fiber | [51] |
| S. cerevisiae | 1.7 × 1010 cfu/g | In ruminally protected and/or nonprotected forms and top-dressed to the diets | Finishing beef cattle | Higher LPS binding protein concentration; reduced liver abscess | No effect on DMI, final BW, ADG, G:F, carcass traits, NEFA; tended to reduce fecal shedding of E. coli in encapsulated yeast treated cattle | [112] |
| S. cerevisiae Sc47 CNCM I-4407 |
2.5, 5, or 10 g: 1 × 1010 cfu/g |
In ration | Finishing beef cattle | – | Dose effect depended on the type of diet; affected digestibility of DM, fiber | [113] |
| S. cerevisiae |
2 or 4 g/d: 2 × 1010 cfu/g |
In ration | Finishing beef cattle | – | Improved ADG and ruminal propionate concentration; supplementation at 4 g/d shifted rumen microbial composition | [114] |
| S. cerevisiae | 1.5 g/d | Top-dressed to the ration | Finishing beef cattle with heat stress | – | No effect on BW, ADG, water intake in thermoneutral conditions, complete blood counts, glucose, NEFA; water intake higher under heat stress, tendency in decreasing respiration rates under heat stress | [115] |
|
K. marximanus NRRL3234 S. cerevisiae NCDC42 S. uvarum ATCC9080 |
Single strain or mixed culture (1:1:1): 1.5–2.0 × 109 live cells/kg BW |
In ration | Feedlot lambs | – | No effect on intake, N intake and N in feces and urine; improved microbial CP synthesis and feed efficiency; NCDC42 and mixed DFM increased BW gain | [109] |
|
S. cerevisiae L. sporogenes |
1.5% of concentrate: SC: 1.3 × 1011 cfu/g; SC 1.5 × 1011 cfu/g and LS 5 × 1010 cfu/g |
In ration | Weaned growing lambs | – | No effect on body weight, ADG, digestibility of all nutrients (except higher acid detergent fiber digestibility in treated groups); similar carcass traits | [12] |
| S. cerevisiae | 5 × 108 cfu/d | In ration | Finishing lambs | – | No effect on DMI, feed conversion, weight gain, rib eye dimensions, carcass subcutaneous fat thickness; increased carcass weight and length; increased rumination time | [116] |
| L. acidophilus NP51 | 109 cfu/d | In ration | Finishing beef cattle | – | No effect on gain, intake, feed efficiency; reduced E. coli O158:H7 fecal shedding | [31] |
|
L. acidophilus L. casei |
1 × 109 cfu/d | In ration | Finishing beef cattle | – | No effect on E. coli fecal prevalence or supershedding prevalence | [33] |
| R. flavefaciens |
5.6 × 1013 powder/d; 1.1 × 1014 liquid/d |
Powder or liquid form in concentrate feed mixture | Growing lambs | – | Increased digestibility, N utilization, total VFA, rumen volume, microbial N synthesis, gas production, and ADG; decreased ammonia, acetate, in vitro methane concentrations, protozoa count | [117] |
|
L. fermentum and L. plantarum (FP) S. cerevisiae (SC) plus FP (SCFP) M. elsdenii plus SCFP (MSCFP) |
FP: 4.5 × 108 cfu/d; SCFP: 4.5 × 108 cfu/d FP + 1.4 × 1010 cfu/d SC; MSCFP: 4.5 × 108 cfu/d FP + 1.4 × 1010 cfu/d SC + 4.5 × 108 cfu/d ME |
Oral dosed with a 50 mL microbial suspension before morning feeding | Growing lambs | Higher populations of R. albus and R. flavefaciens in MSCFP and SCFP than control and FP; highest M. elsdenii and lowest methanogen abundance | No effect on feed intake, BW; increased ADG, feed efficiency in 21 d; highest protein supply in MSCFP lambs | [34] |
ADG Average daily gain, BW Body weight, CP Crude protein, DM Dry matter, DMI Dry matter intake, EE Ether extract, G:F Gain-to-feed ratio, or feed conversion ratio, LPS Lipopolysaccharide, NEFA Free fatty acids, or non-esterified fatty acids, OM Organic matter, VFA Volatile fatty acids