Fig. 5.

a Absolute quantification (target gene copies) of A. fumigatus, F. solani, and FocTR4 in each crop residue. b Proportion of culturable A. fumigatus and F. solani obtained in each treatment (n of individual taxa/30 isolates per treatment). c Growth diameters of A. fumigatus, F. solani, and FocTR4 on PDA medium supplemented with different plant residue extracts. BSE, above-ground banana residue extract; BRE, below-ground banana residue extract; PSE, above-ground pineapple residue extract; PRE, below-ground pineapple residue extract; and CKE, control using sterile deionized water. BS, above-ground banana residue; BR, below-ground banana residue; PS, above-ground pineapple residue; PR, below-ground pineapple residue; and CK, control treatment without residue. Different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences (P< 0.05) according to Tukey’s HSD test