Table 2:

VEGFR2-MAPK pathway mutants

Model	Species	Survival	Cardiovascular phenotype	Reference
Flk1 −/−	Mouse	Embryonic lethality between E8.5–9.5	Defective vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis: no blood vessel formation; absence of yolk-sac blood island.	(50), (51)
Flk1 -/Y1173F	Mouse	Embryonic lethality between E8.5–9.5	Defective vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis; no blood vessel formation; absence of yolk-sac blood island.	(51)
Flk1-/Y1212F and Flk1Y1212F/Y1212F	Mouse	Viable and fertile	Neonatal retina angiogenesis is normal in C57Bl/6 background but has mild defect in FVB background	(51), (53)
Flk1 f/f ; Cdh5cre ERT2	Mouse	N/A	Postnatally induced deletion of Flk1 leads to compromised angiogenesis in neonatal retina.	(60), (61)
PLCγ1 −/−	Mouse	Embryonic lethality between E9.5–10.5	Small embryo body. Defective hematopoiesis and possible defective angiogenesis. The paired dorsal aortae form and have conspicuous lumens.	Fig. 3D in (32); Figs. 4A and 5A in (33), (37)
PLCγ1Y10 mutation	Zebrafish	N/A	Defective angiogenesis and segmental vessel formation. Reduced expression of arterial markers in the dorsal aorta. The cardinal vein is formed normally; the dorsal aorta is formed with smaller-than-normal lumen.	Fig. 1 in (38)
PKCβ −/−	Mouse	Viable, fertile and normal	No cardiovascular anomaly. Impaired immunity in adult.	(144)
PKCα −/−	Mouse	Viable, fertile and normal	No cardiovascular anomaly.	(143)
ERK1 −/−	Mouse	Viable, fertile and normal	No cardiovascular anomaly.	(57)
ERK2 −/−	Mouse	Embryonic lethality by E11.5	Placental defect.	(58)
ERK1 −/− ; ERK2 f/f ; Tie2cre	Mouse	Embryonic lethality by E10.5	Defective angiogenesis	(56)