Table 1.
Cytokine Expression.
| Cytokine | 4-NQO/Isotype | 4-NQO/Anti-TNFα | Control | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Post-4-NQO | Interim | Sacrifice | Post-4-NQO | Interim | Sacrifice | Post-4-NQO | Interim | Sacrifice | |
| Mean | Mean ± SEM | Mean | Mean ± SEM | Mean | Mean ± SEM | ||||
| GM-CSF | 177.00 | 91.00 | 168.00 ± 43.00 | 223.00 | 277.00 | 224.00 ± 58.00 | 151.00 | 2216.00 | 297.00 ± 52.00 |
| Eotaxin | 844.93 | 915.02 | 1299.87 ± 82.16 | 1029.99 | 841.25 | 1210.81 ± 139.31 | 972.31 | 974.90 | 1489.89 ± 63.40 |
| G-CSF | 9.68 | 202.61 | 240.60 ± 164.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.75 ± 0.745 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
| INF-γ | 1.31 | 138.53 | 241.40 ± 160.10 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 3.94 ± 2.98 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 ± 0.10 |
| IL-1α | 90.07 | 2345.41 | 3672.72 ± 1366.41a,b | 91.40 | 136.89 | 1028.73 ± 841.22b | 20.39 | 38.58 | 15.95 ± 9.11a |
| IL-1β | 6.34 | 5.52 | 3.59 ± 1.44 | 6.34 | 0.76 | 4.93 ± 2.26 | 1.72 | 0.02 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
| IL-2 | 16.23 | 202.74 | 330.06 ± 232.37 | 13.91 | 11.23 | 3.70 ± 2.26 | 10.13 | 3.61 | 1.11 ± 0.49 |
| IL-4 | 1.17 | 1.38 | 1.36 ± 0.55 | 1.35 | 1.11 | 1.29 ± 0.54 | 0.94 | 0.46 | 0.58 ± 0.16 |
| IL-3 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.32 ± 1.32 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
| IL-5 | 11.02 | 5.20 | 3.20 ± 1.06 | 9.31 | 10.62 | 19.20 ± 9.82 | 14.41 | 13.38 | 8.79 ± 1.37 |
| IL-6 | 4.58 | 2.70 | 14.35 ± 6.56 | 9.81 | 6.66 | 5.77 ± 1.59 | 0.00 | 7.66 | 1.57 ± 0.98 |
| IL-7 | 4.64 | 14.29 | 5.34 ± 1.99 | 12.87 | 15.96 | 18.33 ± 9.22 | 0.00 | 0.86 | 36.21 ± 29.83 |
| IL-9 | 15.10 | 403.72 | 1517.34 ± 1220.99 | 29.64 | 58.26 | 76.59 ± 28.39 | 32.21 | 7.95 | 25.41 ± 8.15 |
| IL-10 | 1.71 | 8.19 | 16.22 ± 10.86 | 8.19 | 0.00 | 7.23 ± 4.90 | 2.33 | 3.67 | 2.10 ± 1.34 |
| IL-12 (p40) | 12.40 | 1356.41 | 2820.61 ± 1103.32a | 14.83 | 30.15 | 724.02 ± 611.51 | 5.69 | 1.34 | 1.28 ± 0.61a |
| IL-12 (p70) | 15.11 | 13.31 | 26.64 ± 14.91 | 18.89 | 1.19 | 5.74 ± 4.69 | 9.70 | 4.38 | 3.97 ± 2.43 |
| LIF | 0.58 | 1.10 | 0.87 ± 0.47 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 5.58 ± 3.91 | 0.03 | 0.95 | 20.03 ± 18.17 |
| IL-13 | 136.70h | 4331.21d,e | 7817.62 ± 5577.97a,b,c,f,g,h,i | 182.63g | 105.04c | 109.67 ± 10.23b,d | 128.52i | 110.65f | 94.93 ± 9.35a,e |
| LIX | 1208.43 | 2191.34 | 3169.96 ± 1058.76a | 1147.59 | 745.36 | 1557.85 ± 643.45 | 817.99 | 1042.73 | 706.56 ± 416.86a |
| IL-15 | 24.43 | 67.93 | 74.38 ± 23.56 | 37.23 | 32.26 | 78.29 ± 42.94 | 24.40 | 92.96 | 1620.94 ± 1396.70 |
| IL-17 | 6.94 | 11.24 | 10.85 ± 3.49 | 9.77 | 5.31 | 4.92 ± 1.31 | 2.36 | 2.95 | 0.87 ± 0.45 |
| IP10 | 95.62 | 84.40 | 134.71 ± 11.66 | 103.67 | 83.76 | 160.07 ± 24.58 | 117.21 | 125.24 | 172.32 ± 7.09 |
| KC | 159.66 | 500.90 | 702.91 ± 418.18 | 198.15 | 106.48 | 160.54 ± 24.59 | 85.45 | 327.82 | 267.18 ± 74.71 |
| MCP-1 | 38.21 | 34.61 | 33.99 ± 6.52 | 120.67 | 50.04 | 48.75 ± 10.49 | 36.43 | 60.10 | 40.52 ± 4.49 |
| MIP-1α | 72.04 | 490.44 | 519.76 ± 272.85 | 74.42 | 67.44 | 45.47 ± 15.42 | 49.12 | 29.49 | 13.14 ± 6.01 |
| MIP-1β | 16.04 | 184.85 | 242.62 ± 149.55 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 7.18 ± 3.49 | 4.37 | 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 |
| M-CSF | 11.59 | 2001.69 | 3416.24 ± 1296.99a,b | 10.08 | 38.22 | 788.99 ± 687.76b | 5.97 | 3.74 | 1.99 ± 0.50a |
| MIP-2 | 104.22 | 2090.27 | 2636.20 ± 891.66a | 104.10 | 246.02 | 877.20 ± 596.80 | 65.87 | 0.00 | 27.63 ± 11.68a |
| MIG | 106.69 | 86.96 | 138.57 ± 26.04 | 683.41 | 89.54 | 187.39 ± 51.26 | 158.63 | 147.19 | 280.49 ± 24.93 |
| RANTES | 0.00 | 14.49 | 10.21 ± 3.30 | 10.03 | 0.00 | 6.66 ± 2.24 | 7.30 | 8.79 | 5.00 ± 2.69 |
| VEGF | 2.59 | 39.23 | 119.40 ± 100.54 | 1.81 | 1.38 | 1.34 ± 0.22 | 1.79 | 1.17 | 1.23 ± 0.22 |
| TNFα | 5.67 | 5.86 | 3.62 ± 1.58 | 6.53 | 1.86 | 4.95 ± 2.62 | 3.31 | 2.89 | 1.35 ± 0.38 |
Cytokine expression (pg/L) for control (n=6), 4-NQO/anti-TNFα antibody treated (n=5) and 4-NQO/isotype antibody treated (n=7) animals. Note 1: SEMs were omitted for post-4-NQO and interim timepoints as samples were pooled due to insufficient acquired blood volumes for each individual sample. Note 2: Post-4-NQO timepoint follows completion of 16 weeks of 4-NQO or vehicle delivery; Interim and sacrifice timepoints are four- and eight-weeks post-4-NQO delivery cessation, respectively. MFI, Mean florescence intensity; 4-NQO, 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide; SEM, Standard error of the mean; GM-CSF, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; G-CSF, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; INF, Interferon; IL, Interleukin; LIF, Leukemia inhibitory factor; LIX, Lipopolysaccharide-induced CXC chemokine; IP, Interferon γ-induced protein; KC, Keratinocytes-derived chemokine; MCP, Monocyte chemoattractant protein; MIP, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein; M-CSF, Macrophage-colony stimulating factor; MIG, Monokine induced by interferon-γ; RANTES, Regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted; VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor; TNF, Tumor necrosis factor; a,b,c,d,e,f,g,hp < 0.05; aControl Sacrifice vs. 4-NQO/Isotype Sacrifice; b4-NQO/Isotype Sacrifice vs. 4-NQO/Anti-TNFα Sacrifice; c4-NQO/Anti-TNFα Interim vs. 4-NQO/Isotype Sacrifice; d4-NQO/Isotype Interim vs. 4-NQO/Anti-TNFα Sacrifice; e4-NQO/Isotype Interim vs. Control Sacrifice; fControl Interim vs. 4-NQO/Isotype Sacrifice; g4-NQO/Anti-TNFα Post-4-NQO vs. 4-NQO/Isotype Sacrifice; h4-NQO/Isotype Post-4-NQO vs. 4-NQO/Isotype Sacrifice; iControl Post-4-NQO vs. 4-NQO/Isotype Sacrifice.