. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 6.

Published in final edited form as: Biochemistry. 2020 Jun 2;60(13):941–955. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00343

Table 2.

Summary of the studies that made hybrid membranes to functionalize nanoparticles

Membrane	Functionalities	Additional membrane	References
RBCs	Provide markers of self, neutralizing pore-forming toxins	Platelets	53, 55, 62
RBCs	Provide markers of self, neutralizing pore-forming toxins	Cancer cells	54, 66
Platelets	Provide markers of self	RBCs	53
	Provide markers of self	Cancer stem cells	67
	Offer ligands for targeting circulating tumor cells (CTCs)	Leukocytes	58
	Offer ligands for targeting circulating tumor cells (CTCs)	Neutrophils	63
Leukocytes	Confer homologous features to reduce the unintended cell-binding interactions	Platelets	58
Macrophages	Provide markers of self	Cancer cells	65
Macrophages	Confer homologous features to reduce the unintended cell-binding interactions	Cancer cells	68
Neutrophils	Offer ligands for targeting CTCs	Platelets	63
Dendritic cells (DCs)	Provide immunological co-stimulatory molecules and lymph node-targeting	Cancer cells	56, 57
Cancer cells/Cancer stem cells	Offer homotypic targeting to tumors and CTCs	RBCs	54
		Macrophages	65, 68
		Dendritic cells	56, 57
		Platelets	67
Bacterium (Salmonella)	Serve as an immunological adjuvant to induce DC maturation	Cancer cells	69