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| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1 Ease of communication | 1 | 30 | Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐9.10 [‐10.66, ‐7.54] |
| 1.2 Satisfaction | 4 | 211 | Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | 2.94 [1.59, 4.30] |
| 1.3 Intensive care unit length of stay | 1 | 60 | Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) | ‐0.21 [‐0.29, ‐0.13] |
