Table 2.
Adhesion structures and related signaling pathways in different cancer types.
| Cancer Type | Adhesion Types | Adhesion Rigidity Dependency | Signaling Pathways |
Cancer-Related Effects | In Vitro/In Vivo/Ex Vivo | Publicat-ion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung | FA | N/A | VAV2/FAK/Rac1 | Promotion of metastasis | In vitro: human H1299 and H460 cells In vivo: transplantation in nude mice |
[178] |
| FA | Promotion of FA formation on soft ECM |
FAK | Increase in migration velocity and distance | In vitro: human A549 cells | [179] | |
| FA | N/A | Keap1 upregulation of RhoA activity | Inhibition of cell motility caused by FA turnover inhibition | In vitro: human A549 cells | [180] | |
| FA | Increase in FA formation and size on stiff ECM | N/A | Decrease in cell motility | In vitro: human H1299 cells | [181] | |
| FA & invadopodia |
N/A | StarD13/RhoA/ Rac1/FA, SrarD13/Cdc42/ invadopodia |
Inhibition of cell motility (immature FA); promotion of cell invasion (invadopodia) | In vitro: human A549 cells | [182] | |
| Invadopodia | N/A | Cortactin/ Cdc42/N-WASP |
Promotion of cell invasion | In vitro: human H1299 and A549 cells | [183] | |
| Breast | FA | Increase in FA formation on stiff ECM | Integrins/PI3K/Akt | Promotion of cell invasion and malignancy | In vitro: human MCF10 and Ha-ras MCF10 AT MEC cells In vivo: MMTV-Neu mice model, transplantation in mice |
[29] |
| FA | Increase in FA assembly and size on stiff ECM | ERK/Rho/ Src/FAK |
Increase in cell growth and perturbation of tissue architecture |
In vitro: Human HMT-3522 S1 cells In vivo: Transplantation in transgenic mice |
[184] | |
| FA | No difference in FA areas across rigidities | N/A | Increase in cell proliferation |
In vitro: human MDA-MB-231 cells | [70] | |
| Invadopodia | Increase in invadopodia quantity and activity on stiff ECM | Rho/p130Cas/ FAK |
Promotion of cellular invasion | In vitro: human MCF10CA1d cells | [185] | |
| Invadopodia | Increase in invadopodia formation at ~30 kPa and 1.8 Gpa | N/A | Increase in ECM degradation |
In vitro: human MCF10CA1d cells | [186] | |
| Invadopodia | Decrease in invadopodia formation in stiff 3D networks | Rac1/ROCK | Increase in cell migration |
In vitro: human MDA-MB-231 cells | [187] | |
| Pancreatic | FA | No difference in FA areas across rigidities | N/A | Increase in cell proliferation |
In vitro: human PANC-1 cells | [70] |
| FA | N/A | Inhibition of FA turnover by cAMP |
Inhibition of cell migration |
In vitro: human PANC-1, BxPC3, Capan-2, MiaPaca-2 and SUIT-2 cells | [188] | |
| FA & invadopodia |
N/A | Src/FAK/ p130Cas (FA); Src (invadopodia) |
Promotion of cellular invasion and ECM degradation by FA | In vitro: human PANC-1 and BxPC3 cells | [189] | |
| Invadopodia | N/A | N/A | Presence of invadopodia within human tumors | In vitro: human PANC-1, BxPC3, Capan-2, MiaPaca-2, SU86.86, MRC-5 and L3.6pl cells Ex vivo: human tumor surgical specimen |
[190] |
FA, focal adhesions; N/A, not available—data not found in study.