TABLE 1.
Overall and Subgroup Analysis to Compare Outcomes of Patients Admitted During June–September 2020 (Post-First-Wave Period) Versus December 2020–January 2021 (Peak of the Second Wave in the United Kingdom)
| Patient Characteristics | June–September Absolute Mortality (%) | December–January 2021 Absolute Mortality (%) | Difference (% [CI]) | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95%CI)b | Occupancy Adjusted HR (95% CI)c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High dependency unit | ||||||
| Overall | 268/2,628 (10.2%) | 1,689/10,285 (16.4%) | 6.2 (4.8–7.6) | 1.66 (1.46–1.89) p < 0.001 | 1.59 (1.39–1.82), p < 0.001 | 1.35 (1.17–1.56), p < 0.001 |
| Patients < 65 yr | 21/923 (2.3%) | 129/3,515 (3.7%) | 1.4 (0.2–2,6) | 1.61 (1.02–2.56), p = 0.04 | 1.41 (0.86–2.31), p = 0.17 | 1.31 (0.77–2.23), p = 0.32 |
| Patients ≥ 65 yr | 247/1,706 (14.5%) | 1,560/6,770 (23.0%) | 8.6 (6.6–10.5) | 1.67 (1.46–1.90), p < 0.001 | 1.52 (1.33–1.74), p < 0.001 | 1.35 (1.16–1.58), p < 0.001 |
| Patients without recorded major comorbiditya | 136/1,641 (8.3%) | 989/6,780 (14.6%) | 6.3(4.7–7.9) | 1.81 (1.52–2.17), p < 0.001 | 1.40 (1.17–1.69), p < 0.001 | 1.15 (0.93–1.40), p = 0.19 |
| Patients with at least one recorded major comorbiditya | 132/988 (13.4%) | 700/3,505 (20.0%) | 6.6(4.0–9.2) | 1.54 (1.28–1.86), p < 0.001 | 1.45 (1.20–1.77), p < 0.001 | 1.45 (1.17–1.80), p < 0.001 |
| ICU | ||||||
| Overall | 213/961 (22.2%) | 1,480/4,776 (31.0%) | 8.8(5.8–11.8) | 1.58 (1.37–1.83), p < 0.001 | 1.88 (1.62–2.18), p < 0.001 | 1.71 (1.45–2.01), p < 0.001 |
| Patients < 65 yr | 89/613 (14.5%) | 684/3,018 (22.7%) | 8.1(4.9–14.5) | 1.74 (1.39–2.17), p < 0.001 | 2.04 (1.62–2.57), p < 0.001 | 1.85 (1.44–2.36), p < 0.001 |
| Patients ≥ 65 yr | 124/348 (35.6%) | 796/1,758 (45.3%) | 9.6(4.5–15.4) | 1.50 (1.24–1.81), p < 0.001 | 1.70 (1.40–2.07), p < 0.001 | 1.56 (1.26–1.93), p < 0.001 |
| Patients without recorded major comorbiditya | 62/400 (15.5%) | 784/2,918 (26.9%) | 11.4(7.3–15.4) | 1.98 (1.53–2.56), p < 0.001 | 2.06 (1.58–2.69), p < 0.001 | 1.93 (1.46–2.55), p < 0.001 |
| Patients with at least one recorded major comorbiditya | 151/561 (26.9%) | 696/1,858 (37.5%) | 10.5(6.1–14.9) | 1.63 (1.37–1.95), p < 0.001 | 1.84 (1.53–2.21), p < 0.001 | 1.64 (1.34–2.00), p < 0.001 |
HR = hazard ratio.
aNo diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, heart disease, renal disease, liver disease, neurologic disease, or immunosuppession.
bAdjusted for age (three knot restricted cubic spline), sex, ethnicity, recorded comorbidities, deprivation index, and geographical region.
cAdjusted for occupancy, age (three knot restricted cubic spline), sex, ethnicity, recorded comorbidities, deprivation index, and geographical region. Occupancy available only for patient subset (high dependency unit overall, n = 28,414; aged less than 65, n = 9,119; aged greater than or equal to 65, n = 19,295; no major recorded comorbidity, n = 17,207; major comorbidity, n = 11,207; ICU: overall, n = 12,099; aged less than 65, n = 7,665; aged greater than or equal to 65, n = 4,434; no major recorded comorbidity, n = 6,876; comorbidity, n = 5,223).