Table 1.
Study Characteristics.
| References | Title | Year | Country | Intervention (N); Control (N) |
Intervention, Age of Sample (M, SD), Range (y) |
Control, Age of Sample (M, SD), Range (y) |
Intervention, Gestational Age (M, SD), Range (w) Control, Gestational Age (M, SD), Range (w) |
Type of eHealth Intervention | Description of Intervention | Time of Follow Up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bullock, L., et al. [36] | Baby BEEP: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Nurses’ Individualized Social Support for Poor Rural Pregnant Smokers | 2009 | United States | Telephone Social Support Group and Booklet Group (117), Control (119) |
Telephone Social Support Group and Booklet Group (23.1, 4.3) Telephone Social Support Only Group (24.0, 4.7) Booklet Only Group (23.6, 4.8) |
Control (23.9, 4.8) | 13.5 weeks 13.5 weeks |
Telephone Intervention | Baby BEEP intervention consisted of a scheduled weekly telephone call and 24-h access to the nurse for any additional social support needed | T2 (28–32 weeks gestation; T3: 6 weeks postpartum) |
| Naughton, F. [41] | Large multi-centre pilot randomized controlled trialtesting a low-cost, tailored, self-help smoking cessationtext message intervention for pregnant smokers (MiQuit) | 2017 | England | 203 204 |
26.6 (5.7), 16.9–40.0 | 26.4 (5.7), 16.6–41.3 | 14.6 weeks (4.2), 4–23 14.7 weeks (4.5), 3–24 |
Text Message Based Intervention | MiQuit is an automated text support service that delivers information or motivational messages | 4 weeks post-randomization up until 36 weeks gestation |
| Herbec, A., et al. [42] | Pilot randomized controlled trial of an internet-based smoking cessation intervention for pregnant smokers (‘MumsQuit’) | 2014 | England | 99 101 |
27.6 (6.0) | 26.1 (5.8) | NR | Internet-Based Intervention | MumsQuit is a personalized, interactive quitting plan that mimics advisory support from a smoking cessation expert | 8 weeks post baseline |
| Ondersma, S. J., et al. [43] | Computer-Delivered Screening and Brief Intervention for Alcohol Use in Pregnancy: A Pilot Randomized Trail | 2015 | United States | 24 24 |
18–25 (50.0%) 26–33 (33.3%) 34–37 (16.7%) |
18–25 (58.3%) 26–33 (33.3%) 34–37 (8.3%) |
12.5 weeks (5.6) 12.0 weeks (5.3) |
Computer-delivered screening and brief intervention (eSBI) | A brief 20-min video was delivered via tablet while waiting for a prenatal care appointment and three separated tailored mailings followed | 3 month follow up |
| Tzilos, Wernette. G., et al. [44] | A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Computer-Delivered Brief Intervention for Substance Use and Risky Sex During Pregnancy | 2018 | United States | 31 19 |
25.1 (5.79) | 23.2 (4.21) | 12.9 (4.76) 13.9 (4.21) |
Computer Delivered Intervention | A single motivational session and a booster session | 4 month follow up |
| van de Wulp, N., et al. [45] | Reducing Alcohol Use During Pregnancy Via Health Counseling by Midwives and Internet-Based Computer-Tailored Feedback: A Cluster Randomized Trial | 2014 | Netherlands | Computer tailoring (111); Usual care (124) |
32.31 (4.22) | 33.53; (3.85) | 7.73 weeks (2.06) 7.92 weeks (1.99) |
Computer delivered intervention | Respondents in the computer-tailoring group received usual care from their midwife and computer-tailored feedback via the Internet. This feedback was tailored to the participant’s alcohol use, knowledge, risk perception, attitude, social influence, self-efficacy, intention, and action and coping plans | 6 months after baseline |