Table 3.
Results of sensitivity analysis: the prevalence ratio and 95% confidence interval values for high work engagement using the Poisson regression model (univariable and multivariable analysis).
| Univariable | Multivariable | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PR | 95% CI | p Value | PR | 95% CI | p Value | ||
| Age (per 10 years) | 1.04 | 1.00–1.09 | <0.001 | 1.04 | 1.00–1.09 | <0.001 | |
| Gender (male/female) | 1.04 | 0.94–1.15 | 0.5 | 1.04 | 0.94–1.15 | 0.42 | |
| Marital status | Married | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Never married | 0.8 | 0.72–0.87 | <0.001 | 0.91 | 0.84–1.02 | 0.09 | |
| Widowed | 1.39 | 0.95–2.02 | 0.09 | 1.05 | 0.74–1.48 | 0.80 | |
| Separated | 1.00 | 0.81–1.24 | 0.97 | 0.89 | 0.82–1.2 | 0.94 | |
| Shoulder pain (Yes/No) | 1.19 | 1.08–1.31 | <0.001 | 0.98 | 0.89–1.08 | 0.72 | |
| Back pain (Yes/No) | 1.16 | 1.05–1.28 | <0.001 | 1.04 | 0.94–1.14 | 0.41 | |
| Mental disorders (Yes/No) | 1.43 | 1.29–1.58 | <0.001 | 1.21 | 1.10–1.34 | <0.001 | |
| Health behavior | |||||||
| Physical activity | Increased | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Unchanged | 0.81 | 0.71–0.93 | <0.001 | 0.93 | 0.82–1.05 | 0.22 | |
| Decreased | 0.81 | 0.71–0.99 | <0.001 | 0.96 | 0.85–1.09 | 0.56 | |
| Sleeping hours | Increased | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Unchanged | 0.81 | 0.72–0.91 | <0.001 | 0.91 | 0.82–1.02 | 0.1 | |
| Decreased | 0.67 | 0.55–0.81 | <0.001 | 0.96 | 0.76–1.04 | 0.14 | |
| Not eating breakfast | Increased | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Unchanged | 0.87 | 0.73–1.04 | 0.12 | 1.01 | 0.85–1.20 | 0.88 | |
| Decreased | 1.03 | 0.83–1.28 | 0.8 | 1.03 | 0.84–1.26 | 0.71 | |
| Drinking alcohol | Increased | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Unchanged | 1 | 0.87–1.14 | 0.96 | 0.95 | 0.84–1.07 | 0.39 | |
| Decreased | 1.01 | 0.89–1.18 | 0.9 | 1.02 | 0.89–1.16 | 0.8 | |
| Smoking | Increased | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Unchanged | 0.98 | 0.80–1.19 | 0.82 | 0.98 | 0.82–1.18 | 0.86 | |
| Decreased | 1.09 | 0.86–1.1 | 0.49 | 0.89 | 0.72–1.11 | 0.3 | |
| Interacting | |||||||
| With supervisors | Worse | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Unchanged | 1.49 | 1.23–1.82 | <0.001 | 1.25 | 1.03–1.51 | 0.02 | |
| Better | 2.12 | 1.65–2.72 | <0.001 | 1.21 | 0.92–1.61 | 0.7 | |
| With co-workers | Worse | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Unchanged | 1.49 | 1.21–1.89 | <0.001 | 1.1 | 0.9–1.35 | 0.36 | |
| Better | 2.06 | 1.58–2.69 | <0.001 | 1.4 | 1.05–1.87 | 0.02 | |
| Working hours | <40 h/week | Reference | Reference | ||||
| ≥40 h/week | 0.78 | 0.67–0.87 | <0.001 | 0.94 | 0.84–1.05 | 0.3 | |
| Socioeconomic status | |||||||
| Education (≤12 y/>12 y) |
0.91 | 0.79–1.05 | 0.09 | 1.02 | 0.9–1.16 | 0.72 | |
| Household income (million JPY/year) |
−2.99 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 3.00–7.99 | 0.97 | 0.83–1.15 | 0.76 | 1.01 | 0.85–1.2 | 0.91 | |
| 8.00- | 1.10 | 0.93–1.29 | 0.81 | 1.09 | 0.9–1.31 | 0.62 | |
| Unknown | 0.93 | 0.76–1.13 | 0.96 | 0.91 | 0.74–1.12 | 0.37 | |
| Employee status | Permanent | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Precarious | 1.06 | 0.93–1.22 | 0.39 | 0.97 | 0.85–1.11 | 0.69 | |
| Other | 1.47 | 1.26–1.71 | <0.001 | 1.22 | 1.05–1.42 | 0.01 | |
CI, confidence interval; h, hour; JPY, Japanese Yen; PR, prevalence ratio; y, year. Note: The results are adjusted for age, gender, marital status, family number per household, shoulder/back pain, mental disorders, health behaviors (physical activity, sleeping hours, not eating breakfast, drinking alcohol, and smoking), interactions (with supervisors and coworkers), working hours, type of job, location, and socioeconomic status (education, household income, and employee status). Another question (“Do you take pride in your work?”) that is also a part of the New BJSQ was used for sensitivity analysis and for clarifying employees’ work engagement.