Table 2.
Total village sample and NGAL sub-sample.
| Total Village Sample | ||||
| Region | Endemic Region | Non-Endemic | ||
| Occupation | Agricultural Workers (n = 288) | Non-Agricultural Workers (n = 67) | Agricultural Workers (n = 115) | p |
| Demography | ||||
| Female, % | 57.1 | 43.3 | 25.2 | <0.001 |
| Age | 46.6 | 43.4 | 42.9 | 0.001 |
| Health Conditions | ||||
| CKD, % | 11.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, % | 5.2 | 10.5 | 3.5 | NS |
| BMI | 23.4 | 23.4 | 22.2 | 0.014 |
| Heat stress | 8.0 | 4.6 | 3.8 | <0.001 |
| Water Intake | ||||
| l/day | 2.7 | 2.1 | 2.1 | <0.001 |
| NGAL Sub-Sample | ||||
| Region | Endemic Region | Non-Endemic | ||
| Occupation | Agricultural Workers (n = 71) | Non-Agricultural Workers (n = 67) | Agricultural Workers (n = 76) | p |
| Demography | ||||
| Female, % | 21.1 | 43.3 | 29.0 | 0.017 |
| Age | 42.8 | 43.4 | 40.5 | NS |
| Health Conditions | ||||
| CKD, % | 7.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.005 |
| Diabetes, % | 4.3 | 10.5 | 1.3 | 0.044 |
| BMI | 21.9 | 23.4 | 22.0 | NS |
| Heat stress | 5.4 | 4.6 | 2.8 | <0.001 |
| Water Intake | ||||
| l/day | 2.0 | 2.1 | 1.7 | <0.001 |
| Urine Parameters | ||||
| Specific gravity | 1.015 | 1.012 | 1.016 | 0.004 |
| NGAL (se) | 52.9 (24.5) | 48.9 (13.3) | 17.5 (2.0) | NS |
| Microalbumin (se) | 17.9 (5.4) | 13.5 (2.8) | 25.8 (6.1) | NS |
| Creatinine (se) | 158.4 (14.3) | 107.0 (8.7) | 130.7 (8.2) | 0.007 |
| ACR (se) | 26.9 (11.6) | 18.8 (3.9) | 26.6 (8.0) | NS |
Note: one-way analysis of variance was used. NS, not significant; SE, standard error.