Table 6.

Studies evaluating immunotherapy with concurrent CRT in stage III NSCLC.

Study	Phase	Patients	Immunotherapy	RT/ChT	Primary Outcome
Maasilta et al., 1992	II	20	Alpha-INT with RT vs. RT alone	66 Gy, 1.25 Gy/fx tw	Moderate/severe pneumonitis and/or oesophagitis in experimental arm
McDonald et al., 1993	I/II	39	Beta-INF with RT	54–59.4 Gy, 1.8 Gy/fx	ORR: 81% CR: 44% 5-y OS 51% No serious AE
Shaw et al., 1995	I	18	Gamma-INF with RT	60 Gy, 1.5 Gy/fx tw	50% life threatening or fatal AE mOS: 7.8 m
RTOG 93-04 Bradley et al., 2002	III	123	Beta-INF with RT vs. RT	60 Gy, 2 Gy/fx	G3-4 AE higher on beta-INF arm p = 0.024 1-y OS: 44% vs. 42% (p = ns)
DETERRED Lin et al., 2018	II	40	Atezolizumab + CRT	60–66 Gy, 30–33 fx, concurrently with ChT	≥G3 atezo-related toxicity in 6 pts 30%; G5 fistula (n = 1) 5%. G3 radiation pneumonitis (n = 1)
NICOLAS Peters et al., 2019	IA/II	79	Nivolumab with CRT	66 Gy/33 fx, concurrently with ChT	No ≥G3 post-RT pneumonitis 1-y PFS 50% and 1-y OS 79%
KEYNOTE 779 Jabbour et al., 2021	II	185	Pembrolizumab with CRT	60 Gy, 2 Gy/fx/carboplatin–paclitaxel (A) or cisplatin-pemetrexed (B)	G ≧ 3:AE A: 64.3; B: 41, pneumonitis > 3 A: 8%, B: 5.5%
2020 AFT-16 Ross et al.	II	64	Atezolizumab before and after CRT	60 Gy, 2 Gy/fx+ carboplatin–paclitaxel	AE ≧ 3: 20% 12-week-DCR: 77.4%
Lemmon et al., 2020	I	9	Pembrolizumab with CRT + Surgery	45 Gy, 1.8 fx with cisplatin-etoposide	pCR 67% 2 G5 AE Trial halted

RT = radiotherapy; ChT = chemotherapy; CRT = chemoradiotherapy; AE = adverse event; INF = interferon; ns = not significant; Gy = grays; fx = fraction-s; ORR = overall response rate; CR = complete response; DCR = disease control rate; pCR = pathologic complete response; OS = overall survival; PFS = progression-free survival; tw = twice; G = grade; m = months.